Macroscale Thermal Diode-Like Black Box with High Transient Rectification Ratio

Huang, Sihao; Zhang, Jiawei; Wang, Meng; Lan, Wei; Hu, Run; Luo, Xiaobing

doi:10.30919/esee8c330

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Limited national data are available on how obesity and race/ethnicity may interact with and influence disparities in risk of diabetes and prediabetes. Previous national data on diabetes prevalence by obesity focused more on racial/ethnic subgroups other than Asians and are as-yet absent on Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders and American Indians/Alaskan Natives (8)(9)(10)(11); furthermore, national data on prediabetes by race/ethnicity and obesity are lacking. Understanding the relative contribution of obesity to the racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes and prediabetes may help to inform clinical and public health intervention strategies to mitigate disparities in diabetes and prediabetes and reduce associated complications and mortality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes by BMI: Patient Outcomes Research To Advance Learning (PORTAL) Multisite Cohort of Adults in the U.S.

et al. 2019

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To examine racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes by BMI category. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a consortium of three U.S. integrated health care systems, 4,906,238 individuals aged ‡20 years during 2012-2013 were included. Diabetes and prediabetes were ascertained by diagnosis and laboratory results; antihyperglycemic medications were also included for diabetes ascertainment. RESULTS The age-standardized diabetes and prediabetes prevalence estimates were 15.9% and 33.4%, respectively. Diabetes but not prediabetes prevalence increased across BMI categories among all racial/ethnic groups (P for trend < 0.001). Racial/ethnic minorities reached a given diabetes prevalence at lower BMIs than whites; Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders and Asians had a diabetes prevalence of 24.6% (95% CI 24.1-25.2%) in overweight and 26.5% (26.3-26.8%) in obese class 1, whereas whites had a prevalence of 23.7% (23.5-23.8%) in obese class 2. The agestandardized prediabetes prevalence estimates in overweight among Hispanics (35.6% [35.4-35.7%]), Asians (38.1% [38.0-38.3%]), and Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (37.5% [36.9-38.2%]) were similar to those in obese class 4 among whites (35.3% [34.5-36.0%]), blacks (36.8% [35.5-38.2%]), and American Indians/Alaskan Natives (34.2% [29.6-38.8%]). In adjusted models, the strength of association between BMI and diabetes was highest among whites (relative risk comparing obese class 4 with normal weight 7.64 [95% CI 7.50-7.79]) and lowest among blacks (3.16 [3.05-3.27]). The association between BMI and prediabetes was less pronounced. CONCLUSIONS Racial/ethnic minorities had a higher burden of diabetes and prediabetes at lower BMIs than whites, suggesting the role of factors other than obesity in racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes and prediabetes risk and highlighting the need for tailored screening and prevention strategies.

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confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes by BMI: Patient Outcomes Research To Advance Learning (PORTAL) Multisite Cohort of Adults in the U.S.

et al. 2019

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“…More methods [32][33][34][35][36] can be applied to enhance thermal conductivities. Moreover, the scheme can be extended to transient regimes by taking density and heat capacity into account [23,[37][38][39][40][41][42]. The scheme is also not limited to conductive systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory for Chameleonlike Thermal Rotators: Extremely Anisotropic Conductivity

Huang

2022

Transformation Thermotics and Extended Theories

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In this chapter, we propose a mechanism for intelligent thermal regulation based on transformation-invariant metamaterials, which possess highly anisotropic thermal conductivities. As an application, we design intelligent thermal rotators that can guide heat flux direction with different environmental parameters. Since the adaptive behavior is similar to chameleons, the present rotators are called chameleonlike rotators. We further perform finite-element simulations and laboratory experiments to validate the scheme and demonstrate the chameleonlike behavior. These results have potential applications for implementing adaptive and adjustable thermal metamaterials. Similar behaviors can also be expected in other fields, such as hydrodynamics.

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“…Thermal camouflage is broadened by thermal illusion in conduction [20][21][22][23] and convection, 24 which can potentially transform an actual perception into a pre-controlled perception. Thermal meta-devices can also be extended from macroscale 25,26 to microscale. 27,28 At present, one kind of thermal cloak design concept is to calculate material parameters in the case when the cloak' s geometry and dimension are known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reverse Thermal Cloak Design Method Based on Inverse Problem Theory

Guo¹,

Qu²,

Wang³

2020

ES Energy Environ.

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A reverse thermal cloak design method is developed based on inverse problem theory. The design of thermal conductivity distribution within a cloak can be regarded as the density-based topology optimization with that penalization parameter equals to 1. The relative density is explored using conjugate gradient method with an adjoint equation (CGMAE). A prescribed objective function is used to evaluate the design result, and the function is no larger than 6.41×10-6. The maximum deviation between background temperature with and without cloak position is no larger than 0.9% for background with uniform gradient and no larger than 5% for background with non-uniform gradient. The dimension of a cloak can also be designed in case of known material thermal conductivity to avoid complex material synthesis process. Compared with coordinate transformation, the reverse design method is able to remove anisotropy of thermal conductivity and is appropriate for design of irregularly shaped cloak. It is easy to implement programming for proposed method and can boost the flexibility of cloak design. Thus, the proposed method offers a practicable scheme for thermal cloak design to control heat conduction at will.

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Macroscale Thermal Diode-Like Black Box with High Transient Rectification Ratio

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes by BMI: Patient Outcomes Research To Advance Learning (PORTAL) Multisite Cohort of Adults in the U.S.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Diabetes and Prediabetes by BMI: Patient Outcomes Research To Advance Learning (PORTAL) Multisite Cohort of Adults in the U.S.

Theory for Chameleonlike Thermal Rotators: Extremely Anisotropic Conductivity

A Reverse Thermal Cloak Design Method Based on Inverse Problem Theory

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