Macroscopic Safety Requirements for Highly Automated Driving

Junietz, Philipp; Steininger, Udo; Winner, Hermann

doi:10.1177/0361198119827910

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For the launch of AVs on the market to be socially accepted, it is crucial that they have a lower accident probability than human drivers [24]. In order to be able to make such a macroscopic (statistical) statement about the overall impact of AVs on traffic, a vast amount of data must be made available.…”

Section: ) Microscopic and Macroscopic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey on Scenario-Based Safety Assessment of Automated Vehicles

et al. 2020

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When will automated vehicles come onto the market? This question has puzzled the automotive industry and society for years. The technology and its implementation have made rapid progress over the last decade, but the challenge of how to prove the safety of these systems has not yet been solved. Since a market launch without proof of safety would neither be accepted by society nor by legislators, much time and many resources have been invested into safety assessment in recent years in order to develop new approaches for an efficient assessment. This paper therefore provides an overview of various approaches, and gives a comprehensive survey of the so-called scenario-based approach. The scenario-based approach is a promising method, in which individual traffic situations are typically tested by means of virtual simulation. Since an infinite number of different scenarios can theoretically occur in real-world traffic, even the scenario-based approach leaves the question unanswered as to how to break these down into a finite set of scenarios, and find those which are representative in order to render testing more manageable. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of related safety-assessment publications that deal precisely with this question. Therefore, this paper develops a novel taxonomy for the scenario-based approach, and classifies all literature sources. Based on this, the existing methods will be compared with each other and, as one conclusion, the alternative concept of formal verification will be combined with the scenario-based approach. Finally, future research priorities are derived.

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Section: ) Microscopic and Macroscopic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of [24], [25], [174], [175] can be used as a starting point. Further research is required to transfer the results by means of exposure or traffic-simulation-based techniques from Section II-B.…”

Section: ) Exposure For Macroscopic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Scenario-Based Safety Assessment of Automated Vehicles

et al. 2020

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“…Currently, this is one of the major factors hindering the introduction of ADS in public roads. However, various safety assessment approaches for ADS [7][8][9] have emerged. Most prominent is the scenario-based approach, which uses the definition of a scenario that was originally introduced by [10].…”

Section: Safety Assessment For Adsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Validation of an Automated Lane-Keeping System with an Extended Operational Design Domain

et al. 2021

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Virtual testing using simulation will play a significant role in future safety validation procedures for automated driving systems, as it provides the needed scalability for executing a scenario-based assessment approach. This article combines multiple essential aspects that are necessary for the virtual validation of such systems. First, a general framework that contains the vital subsystems needed for virtual validation is introduced. Secondly, the interfaces between the subsystems are explored. Additionally, the concept of model fidelities is presented and extended towards all relevant subsystems. For an automated lane-keeping system with two different definitions of an operational design domain, all relevant subsystems are defined and integrated into an overall simulation framework. The resulting difference between both operational design domains is the occurrence of lateral manoeuvres, leading to greater demands of the fidelity of the vehicle dynamics model. The simulation results support the initial assumption that by extending the operation domain, the requirements for all subsystems are subject to adaption. As an essential aspect of harmonising virtual validation frameworks, the article identifies four separate layers and their corresponding parameters. In particular, the tool-specific co-simulation capability layer is critical, as it enables model exchange through consistently defined interfaces and reduces the integration effort. The introduction of this layered architecture for virtual validation frameworks enables further cross-domain collaboration.

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“…For SAE Level ≥ 3, scenarios appear to be an ideal starting point for the derivation and elicitation of acceptance criteria. Junietz et al examine how such a quantified requirement definition can take place based on acceptable risk levels [32].…”

Section: Requirement Elicitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Considerations around Scenario-Based Testing for Automated Driving

Neurohr¹,

Westhofen²,

Henning³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The homologation of automated vehicles, being safety-critical complex systems, requires sound evidence for their safe operability. Traditionally, verification and validation activities are guided by a combination of ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS 21448, together with distance-based testing. Starting at SAE Level 3, such approaches become infeasible, resulting in the need for novel methods. Scenario-based testing is regarded as a possible enabler for verification and validation of automated vehicles. Its effectiveness, however, rests on the consistency and substantiality of the arguments used in each step of the process. In this work, we sketch a generic framework around scenario-based testing and analyze contemporary approaches to the individual steps. For each step, we describe its function, discuss proposed approaches and solutions, and identify the underlying arguments, principles and assumptions. As a result, we present a list of fundamental considerations for which evidences need to be gathered in order for scenario-based testing to support the homologation of automated vehicles. * The research leading to these results is partly funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy within the project "VVM -Verification & Validation Methods for Automated Vehicles Level 4 and 5" and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the project "TESTOMAT -The Next Level of Test Automation" under grant agreement No. 01IS17026H.

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Macroscopic Safety Requirements for Highly Automated Driving

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Survey on Scenario-Based Safety Assessment of Automated Vehicles

Survey on Scenario-Based Safety Assessment of Automated Vehicles

Virtual Validation of an Automated Lane-Keeping System with an Extended Operational Design Domain

Fundamental Considerations around Scenario-Based Testing for Automated Driving

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