Macular abnormalities in retinitis pigmentosa. Management and treatment

Abstract

Aim: To review the current state of knowledge on macular in retinitis pigmentosa, current treatment methods and management. Material and methods: Analysis of literature available on PubMed. Presentation of own treatment results. Results: Macular lesions occur in 11.5% to 59.7% of patients with pigmentary degeneration. The most commonly observed macular abnormalities include cystoid macular edema, epiretinal membranes, vitreomacular traction syndrome, and full-thickness macular holes. In conservative treatment, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and steroids are the most effective. The best surgical treatment outcomes have been obtained for macular holes. Conservative and surgical treatment outcomes vary and depend on the stage of retinitis pigmentosa. Conclusions: Macular abnormalities are often observed in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. arbonic anhydrase blockers and steroids can be effective in treating cystoid macular edema. Surgical treatment can improve macular morphology but improvement in visual function is limited due to long-term retinal dysfunction and progression of the underlying disease.