Macular pigment optical density in a midwestern sample

Ciulla, Thomas A.; Curran-Celantano, Joanne; Cooper, David C.; Hammond, Billy R.; Danis, Ronald P.; Pratt, Linda; Riccardi, Karen A.; Filloon, Thomas G.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00655-2

Cited by 130 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The mean MP optical density of all genotyped subjects at 0.5 retinal eccentricity was 0.37 AE 0.17 optical density units, which is comparable to previous studies that used HFP to measure MP optical density at this eccentricity (Beatty et al, 2001;Ciulla et al, 2001;Hammond and Caruso-Avery, 2000;Loane et al, 2007;Mellerio et al, 2002;Nolan et al, 2007;Snodderly et al, 2004). To our knowledge, this is the largest study to date investigating the association between AMD risk genes and MP.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The association between macular pigment optical density and CFH, ARMS2, C2/BF, and C3 genotype

Loane

Nolan

McKay

et al. 2011

Experimental Eye Research

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Keywords: age-related macular degeneration age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 gene carotenoids Complement factor H lutein macular pigment zeaxanthin a b s t r a c t Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in older people in developed countries, and risk for this condition may be classified as genetic or environmental, with an interaction between such factors predisposing to this disease. This study investigated the relationship between AMD risk genes, macular pigment optical density (MPOD), which may protect against AMD, and serum concentrations of the macular carotenoids, lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z). This was a cross-sectional study of 302 healthy adult subjects. Dietary intake of L and Z was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and MPOD was measured by customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. We also calculated MPOD Area as the area of MP under the spatial profile curve, to reflect MP across the macula. Serum L and Z were measured by HPLC. Genotyping of tag SNPs in the genes CFH, ARMS2, C3, C2 and BF was undertaken with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primer extension methodology (ABI Snapshot, ABI Warrington UK) on DNA extracted from peripheral blood. The mean AE SD (range) age of the subjects in this study was 48 AE 11 (21e66) years. There was a statistically significant association between CFH genotype and family history of AMD, with subjects having two non-risk CFH haplotypes (n ¼ 35), or one non-risk and one protective CFH haplotype (n ¼ 33), being significantly more likely to have a negative family history of AMD (Pearson Chi square: p ¼ 0.001). There was no significant association between the AMD risk genes investigated and either MPOD (One way ANOVA: p > 0.05) or serum concentrations of L or Z (One way ANOVA: p > 0.05, for both). Subjects who were homozygous for risk alleles of both CFH and ARMS2 (n ¼ 4) had significantly lower MPOD at 0.5 and 1 retinal eccentricity (Independent samples t test: p < 0.05) and lower MPOD Area which approached statistical significance (Independent samples t test: p ¼ 0.058), compared to other subjects (n ¼ 291). In conclusion, this study did not detect an association between individual AMD risk genotypes and the putatively protective MP, or serum concentrations of its constituent carotenoids. However, the combination of homozygous risk alleles at both CFH and ARMS2 loci was associated with significantly lower MPOD centrally, despite comparable serum concentrations of the macular carotenoids. These findings suggest that the maculae of subjects at very high genetic risk of AMD represent a hostile environment for accumulation and/or stabilization of MP.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

The association between macular pigment optical density and CFH, ARMS2, C2/BF, and C3 genotype

Loane

Nolan

McKay

et al. 2011

Experimental Eye Research

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“…These findings corroborate with other studies using HFP for MPOD determination, finding MPOD values of 0.21-0.49. [35][36][37][38] Although both Macuscope and QuantifEye did not differ in the measured mean value of MPOD, agreement between the two was poor (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Macular pigment optical density measurements: evaluation of a device using heterochromatic flicker photometry

Kinkelder

Veen

Verbaak

et al. 2010

Eye

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Purpose Accurate assessment of the amount of macular pigment (MPOD) is necessary to investigate the role of carotenoids and their assumed protective functions. High repeatability and reliability are important to monitor patients in studies investigating the influence of diet and supplements on MPOD. We evaluated the Macuscope (Macuvision Europe Ltd., Lapworth, Solihull, UK), a recently introduced device for measuring MPOD using the technique of heterochromatic flicker photometry (HFP). We determined agreement with another HFP device (QuantifEye; MPS 9000 series: Tinsley Precision Instruments Ltd., Croydon, Essex, UK) and a fundus reflectance method. Methods The right eyes of 23 healthy subjects (mean age 33.9±15.1 years) were measured. We determined agreement with QuantifEye and correlation with a fundus reflectance method. Repeatability of QuantifEye was assessed in 20 other healthy subjects (mean age 32.1 ± 7.3 years). Repeatability was also compared with measurements by a fundus reflectance method in 10 subjects. Results We found low agreement between test and retest measurements with Macuscope. The average difference and the limits of agreement were À0.041 ± 0.32. We found high agreement between test and retest measurements of QuantifEye (À0.02±0.18) and the fundus reflectance method (À0.04±0.18). MPOD data obtained by Macuscope and QuantifEye showed poor agreement: À0.017 ± 0.44. For Macuscope and the fundus reflectance method, the correlation coefficient was r ¼ 0.05 (P ¼ 0.83). A significant correlation of r ¼ 0.87 (Po0.001) was found between QuantifEye and the fundus reflectance method. Conclusions Because repeatability of Macuscope measurements was low (ie, wide limits of agreement) and MPOD values correlated poorly with the fundus reflectance method, and agreed poorly with QuantifEye, the tested Macuscope protocol seems less suitable for studying MPOD.

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“…13,14 Subsequent studies have suggested a number of parameters such as age, diet, percentage body fat, gender and tobacco use [15][16][17][18][19] might be determinants of MP; however, these only account for approximately a third of the variance leaving a significant proportion unexplained. In addition, despite MP's dietary origin only modest correlations exist with serum and dietary levels of L and Z.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritability of the spatial distribution and peak density of macular pigment: a classical twin study

Hogg

Ong

Chamberlain

et al. 2012

Eye

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Purpose To elucidate the heritability of peak density and spatial width of macular pigment (MP) using a Classical Twin Study. Methods Fundus autofluorescence images were obtained at 488 nm from 86 subjects or 43 twin pairs (21 monozygotic (MZ) and 22 dizygotic (DZ)) (27 male, 59 female) aged from 55 to 76 years (mean 62.2 ± 5.3 years). The relative topographic distribution of MP was measured using a grey scale of intensity (0-255 units) in a 71 eccentricity around the fovea. Relative peak MP density (rPMPD) and relative spatial distribution of MP (rSDMP) were used as the main outcome measure in the statistical analysis. Results A significantly higher correlation was found within MZ pairs as compared with that within DZ pairs for rPMPD, (r ¼ 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.93 to 1.00) and 0.22, 95% CI À 0.34 to 0.71), respectively, suggesting strong heritability of this trait. When rSDMP was compared, there was no significant difference between the correlations within MZ pairs (r ¼ 0.48, 95% CI À 0.02 to 0.83) and DZ pairs (r ¼ 0.63, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.83), thus rSDMP is unlikely to have a considerable heritable component. In addition, there was no difference between any MP parameter when normal maculae were compared with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (rPMPD 0.36 vs 0.34, t ¼ 1.18 P ¼ 0.243, rSDMP 1.75 vs 1.75, t ¼ 0.028 P ¼ 0.977). Conclusions rPMPD is a strongly heritable trait whereas rSDMP has minimal genetic influence and a greater influence by environmental factors. The presence of macular changes associated with early AMD did not appear to influence any of these pigment parameters.

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Macular pigment optical density in a midwestern sample

Cited by 130 publications

References 16 publications

The association between macular pigment optical density and CFH, ARMS2, C2/BF, and C3 genotype

The association between macular pigment optical density and CFH, ARMS2, C2/BF, and C3 genotype

Macular pigment optical density measurements: evaluation of a device using heterochromatic flicker photometry

Heritability of the spatial distribution and peak density of macular pigment: a classical twin study

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