Macular Pigment Optical Density in Macular Health and Visual Function

Abstract

Extensive research has described the biological and optical characteristics of the macular pigment (MP) and has confirmed its composition and dietary origin. Epidemiological and intervention trials support the protective role of MP in the retina as well as its positive effects on visual function in healthy individuals in addition to patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The amount of MP in the macula can be assessed by measuring a surrogate optical indicator, macular pigment optical density (MPOD). New evidence from recently published clinical trials and a European consensus roundtable have confirmed that MPOD can be increased by increasing the ingestion of lutein and zeaxanthin and that MPOD increase benefits macular health and visual function. On balance, this recent evidence suggests a critical role of MP in eye health as well as the importance of assessing if adequate levels of the dietary macular carotenoids are regularly consumed in order to ensure proper availability for deposition into the macula.