Macular Pigment Spatial Profiles in South Asian and White Subjects

Huntjens, Byki; Asaria, Tanveer S.; Dhanani, Sheena D.; Konstantakopoulou, Evgenia; Ctori, Irene

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13204

Cited by 12 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous studies have highlighted the occurrence of atypical MP spatial profiles also known as secondary sub-peaks [17], bi-modal [18], ring-like [19, 20] and central dip [21, 22] distributions. Increased prevalence of atypical ring-like profiles has been reported in females [18], non-smokers [21], healthy subjects compared to those with AMD [19] and in ethnicities that may present lower prevalence of AMD [22, 23]. However, there are inconsistencies in the literature regarding increased prevalence of ring-like profiles among non-white ethnicities [10, 14, 16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Association between Foveal Morphology and Macular Pigment Spatial Distribution: An Ethnicity Study

Ctori

Huntjens

2017

PLoS ONE

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PurposeMacular pigment (MP) spatial distribution varies considerably among individuals. We investigated ethnic variations in MP spatial distribution in relation to foveal architecture.MethodsWe measured MP optical density (MPOD) using heterochromatic flicker photometry (MAP test, City, University of London) in 76 white, 80 South Asian and 70 black volunteers (18 to 39 years). MPOD spatial profiles were classified objectively as exponential, ring-like or central dip, based on deviations away from an exponential fit. Measurements including total retinal thickness (RT), inner retinal layer (IRL), inner and outer plexiform layer (IPL and OPL) thickness, foveal width and foveal pit slope were taken from Spectralis SD-OCT (Heidelberg, Germany) scans.ResultsIntegrated MPOD up to 1.8° (MPODint) was higher in South Asian (0.84±0.26) and black (0.84±0.31) than whites (0.63±0.24, P<0.0005). Ethnicity explained around 10% of the variance while gender played no significant role. MPOD profile phenotypes were associated with ethnicity: 58% with ring profiles were South Asian and 43% with dip profiles were black (χ2(4,226) = 13.4, P = 0.009). MPODint was lower in exponential (0.66±0.21) compared to ring-like (0.96±0.26) and central dip (1.00±0.32, P<0.0005) groups. White subjects had thicker IRL at 0° (130±21μm) than South Asian (123±16μm) and blacks (116±14μm; F(2) = 12.4, P<0.0005), with comparable results for IPL (P<0.0005) and OPL (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in IRL, IPL or OPL (from 0 to 3.8° retinal eccentricity) or foveal width between MP profile groups (P>0.05).ConclusionWe report a significant difference in the amount and distribution of MP between ethnicities that is not explained by variations in foveal morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are inconsistencies in the literature regarding increased prevalence of ring-like profiles among non-white ethnicities [10, 14, 16]. Nonetheless, it has been shown that white subjects demonstrate lower central MPOD than non-whites, including South Asian [22, 24, 25] and black ethnicities [23]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Foveal Morphology and Macular Pigment Spatial Distribution: An Ethnicity Study

Ctori

Huntjens

2017

PLoS ONE

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“…2014). For objective profile classification, the MPOD values at 0°, 0.1°, 0.8°, 1.8°, 2.8° and 3.8° were plotted against retinal eccentricity for each subject.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A deviation more than one CoR below the expected value at 0° was classified as a central dip (Huntjens et al. 2014; Ctori & Huntjens 2017). For subjective classification, experienced investigator (OM) visually inspected both FAF images of each participant for the presence of a ring‐like pattern or central dip as described elsewhere (Tariq et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Repeatability of the macular pigment spatial profile: A comparison of objective versus subjective classification

Ctori

Mahroo

Williams

et al. 2018

Acta Ophthalmologica

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PurposeClassification of macular pigment (MP) spatial profile phenotypes varies and is often based on subjective visualisation. We investigated repeatability of MP optical density (MPOD) comparing an objective versus subjective profiling system.MethodsThe coefficient of repeatability (CoR) was calculated for point MPOD values (0–3.8°) obtained by dual‐wavelength fundus autofluorescence (FAF) from two scans obtained in a single visit of 40 healthy individuals (39 ± 9 years). For each individual's dataset, the MP profile was classified as exponential, ring‐like or central dip using an objective method (based on deviations away from an exponential fit), as well as by subjective visual profiling. Existing FAF images of 88 monozygotic (MZ) and 69 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were reanalysed using the objective profiling method and concordance and heritability of ring‐like profiles determined.ResultsThe CoR was 0.23 at 0° and 0.06 at 0.8°. Agreement of objective profiling between scans was excellent (κ = 0.85, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.00; p < 0.0005). Subjective profiling showed moderate agreement between scans (κ = 0.48, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.73; p < 0.0005). Agreement between objective and subjective classification was low (κ = 0.23, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.42; p = 0.02). Concordance for the ring‐like profile using objective profiling was 0.74 for MZ compared to 0.36 for DZ twins. Heritability was calculated as 81.5% (95% confidence interval 61.1–93.1%).ConclusionCompared to visual assessment, objective MP profiling is a more reliable method and should be considered in future observational and interventional studies. In addition, MP profile phenotypes showed high heritability.

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Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation Improves Dynamic Visual and Cognitive Performance in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study

Parekh,

Hammond,

Chandradhara

2024

Adv Ther

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Introduction Supplementation with dietary neuro-pigments lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) has been shown to improve many aspects of visual and cognitive function in adults. In this study, we tested whether a similar intervention could improve such outcomes in preadolescent children. Methods Sixty children (age range 5–12 years) were randomized in a 2:1 ratio in this double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects were supplemented with gummies containing either a combination of 10 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin (LZ) or placebo for 180 days. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) was the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoints included serum levels of L and Z, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), critical flicker fusion (CFF), eye strain and fatigue using visual analogue scales (VAS), Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated (CSHQ-A), and Creyos Health cognitive domains like attention, focus/concentration, episodic memory and learning, visuospatial working memory, and visuospatial processing speed. Safety was assessed throughout the study on the basis of physical examination, vital signs, clinical laboratory tests, and monitoring of adverse events. Results The LZ group showed significant increases in MPOD at all visits post-supplementation, with significant increases as early as day 42 compared to placebo. The LZ group showed significant increases in serum lutein levels, reduced eye strain and fatigue, and improved cognitive performance (focus, episodic memory and learning, visuospatial working memory) at days 90 and 180 compared to placebo. Further, the LZ group showed significant increases in processing speed (CFF), attention, visuospatial processing, and serum Z and BDNF levels on day 180 compared to placebo. No safety concerns were observed. Conclusions Supplementing LZ resulted in increased MPOD levels, along with increased serum levels of L, Z, and BDNF. These changes were associated with improved visual and cognitive performances and reduction in eye strain and eye fatigue in the children receiving LZ gummies. The investigational product was safe and well tolerated. Trial Registration http://ctri.nic.in/ Identifier CTRI/2022/05/042364.

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Macular Pigment Spatial Profiles in South Asian and White Subjects

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

The Association between Foveal Morphology and Macular Pigment Spatial Distribution: An Ethnicity Study

The Association between Foveal Morphology and Macular Pigment Spatial Distribution: An Ethnicity Study

Repeatability of the macular pigment spatial profile: A comparison of objective versus subjective classification

Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation Improves Dynamic Visual and Cognitive Performance in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study

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