“…From the fabrication of micron-sized calcium carbonate particles in the early days up to the synthesis of desirable nanosized particles today, many studies have used the bottom-up approach via the precipitation process, either through carbonation [3,5,6,11,18] or through solution [12-14, 17, 19, 24, 25, 27] route for the production of inorganic calcium carbonate raw material over the past few years. However, the new trend of employing nature-based materials such as mineral products [3,5,6] and mineralized organisms [1, 2, 7-10, 20-22, 26] to derive calcium carbonate biomaterial has been highly preferable in terms of environmental preservation and efficient use of mineralized seashell byproducts due to its abundance in nature, which can provide raw material source at reasonably low cost and also present good purity of mineral components naturally.…”