Magnesium, nitrogen codoped Cr2O3: A p-type transparent conducting oxide

Arca, Elisabetta; Fleischer, K.; Shvets, I. V.

doi:10.1063/1.3638461

Cited by 89 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For the investigated range of Mg doping all patterns are consistent with a single phase (eskolaite, Cr 2 O 3 , PDF number 01-072-3533) [12,14]. As we investigated polycrystalline thin films grown on glass, as well as epitaxial films on Al 2 O 3 , it is difficult to compare samples grown with different techniques based on their XRD pattern alone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Part of these problems is related to the dopant distribution and the other part is due to de-phasing of the ternary oxide itself [9][10][11]. Recently we have reported on a related doped binary oxide (Cr 2 O 3 :Mg and Cr 2 O 3 :Mg,N) with similar overall properties to CuCrO 2 :Mg [12][13][14]. In contrast to CuCrO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 is the thermodynamically most stable chromium oxide, and hence the impact of the dopant distribution can be much easier studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raman spectra of p-type transparent semiconducting Cr2O3:Mg

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oWe present an analysis of the Raman spectra of p-type transparent conducting Cr 2 O 3 :Mg grown by various techniques including spray pyrolysis, pulsed laser deposition, molecular beam epitaxy and reactive magnetron sputtering. The best performing films show a distinct broad range Raman signature related to defect-induced vibrational modes not seen in stoichiometric, undoped material. Our comparative study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy can quantify unwanted dopant clustering in the material at high Mg concentrations, while also being sensitive to the Mg incorporation site. By correlating the Raman signature to the electrical properties of the films, growth processes can be optimised to give the best conducting films and the local defect structure for effective p-type doping can be studied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectra of p-type transparent semiconducting Cr2O3:Mg

et al. 2015

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“…[72,73] Other oxides, such as doped Cr 2 O 3 and Ba 2 BiTaO 6 , have promise but remain to be synthesized with high conductivities. [74,75] A second, more recently employed approach is to look beyond oxides. Interestingly, one of the first transparent conductors, discovered by Karl Baedeker in 1907, was a nonoxide, p-type degenerate semiconductor, CuI.…”

Section: P-type Transparent Conductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

Morales‐Masis

Wolf

Woods‐Robinson

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

364

288

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With the development of new generations of optoelectronic devices that combine high performance and novel functionalities (e.g., flexibility/bendability, adaptability, semi or full transparency), several classes of transparent electrodes have been developed in recent years. These range from optimized transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), which are historically the most commonly used transparent electrodes, to new electrodes made from nano‐ and 2D materials (e.g., metal nanowire networks and graphene), and to hybrid electrodes that integrate TCOs or dielectrics with nanowires, metal grids, or ultrathin metal films. Here, the most relevant transparent electrodes developed to date are introduced, their fundamental properties are described, and their materials are classified according to specific application requirements in high efficiency solar cells and flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). This information serves as a guideline for selecting and developing appropriate transparent electrodes according to intended application requirements and functionality.

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“…To improve the optical and electronic properties of Cr 2 O 3 and overcome the issues associated with Mg: Cr 2 O 3 , co-doping with Mg and N was examined. 36,40,41 Nitrogen doping was found to improve the transmission properties and electronic 4 conductivity of Cr 2 O 3 through band gap widening and the presence of NO 3 -in the system; Mg doped Cr cation site is uncompensated, and displays p-type conductivity under optimal growth conditions. 42 No conductivity is found under O-poor conditions, where Mg is likely to be compensated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Low Valence Cation Doping of Bulk Cr₂O₃: Charge Compensation and Oxygen Vacancy Formation

2016

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ABSTRACT:The different oxidation states of chromium allow its bulk oxide form to be reducible, facilitating the oxygen vacancy formation process, which is a key property in applications such as catalysis. Similar to other useful oxides such as TiO 2 , and CeO 2 , the effect of substitutional metal dopants in bulk Cr 2 O 3 and its effect on the electronic structure and oxygen vacancy formation are of interest, particularly in enhancing the latter. In this paper, density functional theory (DFT) calculations with a Hubbard +U correction (DFT+U) applied to the Cr 3d and O 2p states, are carried out on pure and metal doped bulk Cr 2 O 3 to examine the effect of doping on the electronic and geometric structure. The role of dopants in enhancing the reducibility of Cr 2 O 3 is examined to promote oxygen vacancy formation. The dopants are Mg, Cu, Ni, and Zn, which have a formal +2 oxidation state in their bulk oxides. Given this difference in host and dopant oxidation states, we show that to predict the correct ground state two metal dopants charge compensated with an oxygen vacancy are required. The second oxygen atom removed is termed 'the active' oxygen vacancy and it is the energy required to remove this atom that is related to the reduction process. In all cases, we find that substitutional doping improves the oxygen vacancy formation of bulk Cr 2 O 3 by lowering the energy cost.

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Magnesium, nitrogen codoped Cr2O3: A p-type transparent conducting oxide

Cited by 89 publications

References 25 publications

Raman spectra of p-type transparent semiconducting Cr2O3:Mg

Raman spectra of p-type transparent semiconducting Cr2O3:Mg

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

Low Valence Cation Doping of Bulk Cr₂O₃: Charge Compensation and Oxygen Vacancy Formation

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Magnesium, nitrogen codoped Cr2O3: A p-type transparent conducting oxide

Cited by 89 publications

References 25 publications

Raman spectra of p-type transparent semiconducting Cr2O3:Mg

Raman spectra of p-type transparent semiconducting Cr2O3:Mg

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

Low Valence Cation Doping of Bulk Cr2O3: Charge Compensation and Oxygen Vacancy Formation

Contact Info

Product

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Low Valence Cation Doping of Bulk Cr₂O₃: Charge Compensation and Oxygen Vacancy Formation