X-ray magnetic circular dichroism ͑XMCD͒ experiments were performed at the Np M 4,5 and the Ga K absorption edges of NpNiGa 5 to investigate the temperature-dependent changes of magnetic properties of Np 5f and Ga 4p electron states. By the sum-rule analysis of the Np M 4,5 XMCD data, the orbital magnetic moment L and the spin magnetic moment S were estimated for the Np 5f 3 and 5f 4 electronic configurations and their comparison to the previous magnetization and neutron-scattering experiments suggests that the 5f 4 configuration is more likely than the 5f 3 configuration in NpNiGa 5 . It was found that ͉ L / S ͉ tends to increase from the high-temperature low-moment ordered state to the low-temperature high-moment ordered state. The result of the Ga K XMCD indicates that the Ga 4p electrons are magnetically polarized and the temperature and magnetic-field dependences of the Ga 4p orbital moment are proportional to those of the magnetization measurements.