Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the determination of β‐agonist residues in milk by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A simple, accurate, and highly sensitive analytical method was developed in this study for the determination of nine β-agonists in milk. In this method, a new magnetic adsorbent of molecularly imprinted polymers/magnetic nanoparticles prepared by simple physical blending was adopted, which enabled magnetic solid-phase extraction. Thus, the resultant material can be separated from the solvent rapidly and conveniently by a magnet. Two kinds of molecularly imprinted polymer/magnetic nanoparticles materials were fabricated, and the characteristics of materials such as the ratio, pH, amount, desorption, and regeneration were investigated. The analytes were quantified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring modes. The detection limit of the method was 0.003-0.3 μg/L, and the detection capability was 0.01-0.3 μg/L. The recoveries of these compounds were 65.7-114% at three spiked levels. Reproducibility represented by relative standard deviation was 11.2% or less. The method was successfully applied to the screening of real samples obtained from local markets and confirmation of the suspected target analytes.

Analysis of β-agonists in different biological matrices by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…The first step in the development of the method was the selection of chromatographic conditions, which was the optimisation of the conditions for analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) were tested as alternatives, and the electrospray mode was selected for further use due to its higher reproducibility, selectivity, and sensitivity, which was were also confirmed by other authors (12,13,15,18,25,29,30).…”

Multi-functional porous organic polymers for highly-efficient solid-phase extraction of β-agonists and β-blockers in milk

“…18,19 The performance of the SPE technique depends on both the adsorption capacity and adsorption/desorption kinetics, and the SPE adsorbent directly affects the extraction efficiency and the analysis sensitivity. Thus, during the past several years, signicant efforts have been made towards the development and characterization of advanced sorbent materials, such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), 20,21 graphene-based nanocomposites, [22][23][24][25] functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [26][27][28] and magnetic nanoparticles, [29][30][31][32] to enhance selectivity or specicity towards target analytes and improve adsorption capacity. [33][34][35] Currently, SPE adsorbents developed for the extraction of b-agonists and b-blockers from complex samples are C 18 based materials, 21,36 polymeric cationexchange resins, 37 divinylbenzene 38 and mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) 39,40 materials (based on reversed phase and ion exchange interaction).…”

“…Thus, during the past several years, signicant efforts have been made towards the development and characterization of advanced sorbent materials, such as molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), 20,21 graphene-based nanocomposites, [22][23][24][25] functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [26][27][28] and magnetic nanoparticles, [29][30][31][32] to enhance selectivity or specicity towards target analytes and improve adsorption capacity. [33][34][35] Currently, SPE adsorbents developed for the extraction of b-agonists and b-blockers from complex samples are C 18 based materials, 21,36 polymeric cationexchange resins, 37 divinylbenzene 38 and mixed-mode cation exchange (MCX) 39,40 materials (based on reversed phase and ion exchange interaction). Nevertheless, it is still a challenge for the determination of b-agonists and b-blockers by using SPE adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and fast sorption/ desorption.…”

Determination of β-Agonist Residues in Animal-Derived Food by a Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method Combined with Molecularly Imprinted Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction

“…Recently, several analytical methods have been developed for the determination of β -agonist drugs in foodstuffs and animal urine [ 5 – 13 ]. The analytical methods are mainly based on two different immune analysis techniques [ 6 , 7 , 9 , 11 ] and on the chromatographic technique [ 5 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 ]; both have advantages and drawbacks. Immune analysis techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) exhibit the features of rapid and simple analysis but come with drawbacks of giving rise to false positives.…”