Magnetically Modulated Differential Quartz Crystal Microbalances for Rapid, Ultrasensitive, and Direct Probing of Prostate-Specific Antigens Conjugated with Magnetic Beads

Abstract

The occurrence and development of diseases are closely related to overexpression of specific biomarkers in the serum of patients. Rapid and sensitive biomarker detection is beneficial for early diagnosis and treatment. However, the current laboratory processes and assays for biomarker detection are expensive and time-consuming, and their operation also requires a large number of professionals. We developed a magnetically modulated differential quartz crystal microbalance (MMD-QCM) method combined with magnetic bead (MB) labels for rapid and highly sensitive quantitative detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Because MBs exhibit magnetized rotation motion under an applied AC magnetic field, a pair of QCMs are utilized to measure the difference between the magnetic motion intensities of the MBs and the MB−PSA immune complex to determine the PSA concentration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can be adopted to determine the PSA concentration in a wide range of 0.01− 1000 ng/mL as well as exhibit a low detection limit of 0.065 ng/mL. In addition, the proposed scheme enables fast detection and low sample consumption. The single detection process takes less than 4 h and requires only 113 μL of sample solution. The proposed detection strategy is superior to the existing detection method and can be effectively used in early screening and prognostic diagnosis of cancer and other related diseases owing to its simplicity, low cost, and high speed.

Dynamic Monitoring of Biomolecular Hydrodynamic Dimensions by Magnetization Motion on Quartz Crystal Microbalance

“…When the magnetic particles are loaded on the oscillating QCM, the magnetization motion will be modulated to the oscillation, obtaining a modulation signal with a frequency of ω q ± 2ω m . ,, The output signal x ( t ) can be expressed as x ( t ) = ξ F t = ξ 6 π η r h 2 D P 2 + false( 2 ω m false) 2 P cos [ false( ω q + 2 ω m false) t ] + ξ 6 π η r h 2 D P 2 + false( 2 ω m false) 2 2 ω m sin [ false( ω q + 2 ω m false) t ] where the coefficient ξ reflects the response effect of the QCM oscillation with respect to F t . Although the magnitude of x ( t ) is associated with HD, ξ is determined by both the QCM device parameters and the carrier solution.…”

“…When the magnetic particles are loaded on the oscillating QCM, the magnetization motion will be modulated to the oscillation, obtaining a modulation signal with a frequency of ω q ± 2ω m . 56,59,80 The output signal x(t) can be expressed as…”

Colorimetric and Photothermal Dual-Modal Switching Lateral Flow Immunoassay Based on a Forced Dispersion Prussian Blue Nanocomposite for the Sensitive Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen

“…Prostate cancer poses a grave threat to male health, accounting for a staggering 26% of male malignant tumor incidence rates worldwide, ranking at the forefront. , Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serving as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer, is widely employed to indicate the onset and progression stages of the disease. , Consequently, the development and implementation of high-sensitivity PSA detection methods have emerged as a focal point in the realm of prostate cancer prevention and treatment. − To improve the precision and dependability of PSA detection, novel techniques and methods were explored, such as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) a field transistor biosensor, , a quartz crystal microbalance, and microfluidic technology . Among them, widely reported ELISA was recognized by researchers for its high sensitivity and quantification capabilities. ,, However, reliable PSA results through ELISA require specialized equipment, trained personnel, and a consistent laboratory environment. ,, Accordingly, the application of ELISA in point-of-care testing (POCT) is hindered by the extended detection time, demanding requirements, and complex operation. − …”