Magnetically separable MnFeCoNiCu-based high entropy alloy nanoparticles for photocatalytic oxidation of antibiotic cocktails in different aqueous matrices

Aerogels Made of Few-Layer WS2 Nanosheets and Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Photocatalytic Degradation of Caffeine

“…The valence-band potential (E VB ) is then calculated as 1 V (vs SHE), according to the empirical relationship E VB = E CB + E g . 50 Based on these results, the energy levels of the as-fabricated WNGA-3 are schematically shown in Figure 7f. Clearly, the positions of the electronic band edges are appropriate to facilitate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), upon visiblelight illumination.…”

“…Additionally, the positive slope of the corresponding Mott–Schottky plot indicates an n-type conductivity (Figure e), with a flat-band potential ( E fb ) of approximately −0.33 V (vs standard hydrogen electrode, SHE). Because the conduction-band potential ( E CB ) is more negative by 0.1–0.2 V than E fb in n-type semiconductors, E CB is estimated to be −0.53 V (vs SHE). The valence-band potential ( E VB ) is then calculated as 1 V (vs SHE), according to the empirical relationship E VB = E CB + E g .…”

“…Because the conduction-band potential ( E CB ) is more negative by 0.1–0.2 V than E fb in n-type semiconductors, E CB is estimated to be −0.53 V (vs SHE). The valence-band potential ( E VB ) is then calculated as 1 V (vs SHE), according to the empirical relationship E VB = E CB + E g . Based on these results, the energy levels of the as-fabricated WNGA-3 are schematically shown in Figure f.…”

High-entropy-based nano-materials for sustainable environmental applications

“…39 In another investigation, the FeCoNiCuZn HEA with n-type semiconductor properties has demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic activity for eliminating various pharmaceutical residues (tetracycline ∼86%, sulfamethoxazole ∼94%, ibuprofen ∼80%, and diclofenac ∼99%) from water bodies under visible light. 26 Similarly, the MnFeCoNiCu HEA has been found to demonstrate superior activity over conventional photocatalysts in degrading antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole ∼95%, ofloxacin ∼94%, and ciprofloxacin ∼89%) under visible light, 40 especially in real water matrixes (Fig. 4a).…”

“…Moreover, a fraction of • O 2 − radicals is likely oxidized by valence band holes to form singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), thereby further contributing to the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants. 40 In tandem with photocatalysis, HEAs have also been proposed for heterogeneous Fenton-like processes (Fe 2+ / Fe 3+ +H 2 O 2 ) for dye degradation. The challenges of traditional Fenton methods, including a limited range of operating pH and poor catalytic stability of zero-valent iron-based catalysts, motivate the exploration of HEAs in this domain.…”