Magnetically Separable Zinc Ferrite Nanocatalyst for an Effective Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

Catalytic conversion of residual raw material into biodiesel using a superior magnetic solid acid catalyst based on Zn–Fe ferrite: thermodynamic and kinetic studies

“…27–29 Besides, the diffractogram referring to ZnFe 2 O 4 (in red) shows the presence of peaks characteristic of the spinel structure of ZnFe 2 O 4 at 41.7°, 48.5°, 58.2°, 71.1°, 75.7° and 82.7°. 24,30 Finally, in the diffractogram for the 35-MoO 3 /ZnFe 2 O 4 catalyst (in black) it is perceived the occurrence of peaks characteristics of both MoO 3 (19.9°, 33.5°, 36.5°, 38.5°, 46.7°, 53.4°, 61.9° and 66.5°) and ZnFe 2 O 4 (41.9°, 48.6°, 58.3°, 71.5°, 75.8°, and 82.9°) structures, suggesting that the catalyst composition consists of both materials.…”

“…5(d)-(f), the micrographs referring to ZnFe 2 O 4 suggest that there is no dened morphology for this ferrite, according to what is reported in the literature. 30 Besides, In Fig. 5(g)-(i), the micrographs referring to the 35-MoO 3 / ZnFe 2 O 4 catalyst show the presence of rods characteristic of the MoO 3 coating the surface of the ZnFe 2 O 4 ferrite, which suggests the efficiency of the wet impregnation method adopted.…”

“…11,31 In the ZnFe 2 O 4 spectrum (in red), a band characteristic of the octahedral and tetrahedral sites of the spinel phase of ferrite is identied at 528 cm −1 . 24,30 Furthermore, in the spectrum referring to the 35-MoO 3 /ZnFe 2 O 4 catalyst (in black), the bands identied in 528 cm −1 are related to the spinel phase of ferrite, used as a catalytic support as well as the bands identied at 435, 804, 833 and 974 cm −1 indicate the presence of MoO 3 in the catalyst.…”

Advances in Metal Oxide‐based Nanocatalysts for Biodiesel Production: A Review

“…These catalysts can be recycled 2 to 6 times for the same transesterification reactions [88]. Ashok and Kennedy [89] studied the capability of ZnFe 2 O 4 (zinc ferrite) nanocatalyst for the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The catalyst was prepared by varying the microwave power from 500 to 1500 W and characterized with FTIR, XRD, DRS, HR-SEM and VSM techniques.…”

From Disposal to Reuse: Production of Sustainable Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters Derived from Residual Oil Using a Biphasic Magnetic Catalyst

“…In this context, magnetic ferrites have stood out as advanced materials for the production of catalysts due to the simplicity of synthesis and good chemical and physical properties that guarantee good performance during the reaction. Moreover, they present the magnetic characteristics that favor the catalyst's magnetic separation [21][22][23].…”