Magnetospheric substorms and discrete arcs of the polar aurora

Properties of suprathermal electrons associated with discrete auroral arcs

“…The obtained inverse-square relation (equation ( 4)) requires theoretical investigations in future studies including nonlinear plasma processes. A few further theoretical approaches apply the kappa distributions to analyze the kinetic characteristics of the acceleration region and resulting particle accelerations, including the double layer theory [Ermakova and Antonova, 2007] and the formation of the inverted V structures [Antonova et al, 2012]. More precise and frequent observations of electron suprathermal tails allow thorough assessment of these theories.…”

Role of turbulent transport in the evolution of the κ distribution functions in the plasma sheet

“…In particular, kappa distributions are widely used for fitting the particle fluxes in the magnetosphere of the Earth [ Christon et al , ; Pisarenko et al , ; Wang et al , ; Lui , , etc]. It allows one to efficiently describe a variety of magnetospheric processes, such as the field‐aligned acceleration of auroral particles [ Olsson and Janhunen , ; Dors and Kletzing , ; Ermakova and Antonova , ; Antonova et al , ], and the transverse acceleration of ions during substorm injections [ Birn et al , ; Zaharia et al , ]. Antonova et al [] and Ermakova et al [] showed that the use of a kappa formalism improves the correspondence between the theory of the formation of multiple inverted V structures in the auroral oval and its experimental verification.…”

“…In particular, kappa distributions are widely used for fitting the particle fluxes in the magnetosphere of the Earth [Christon et al, 1991;Pisarenko et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2011;Lui, 2013, etc]. It allows one to efficiently describe a variety of magnetospheric processes, such as the field-aligned acceleration of auroral particles [Olsson and Janhunen, 1998;Dors and Kletzing, 1999;Ermakova and Antonova, 2007;Antonova et al, 2012], and the transverse acceleration of ions during substorm injections [Birn et al, 1997 [2006] showed that the use of a kappa formalism improves the correspondence between the theory of the formation of multiple inverted V structures in the auroral oval and its experimental verification. Using kappa distributions, Wing and Newell [1998] and Wing et al [2013] obtained more realistic values of the plasma pressure despite the limited energy range of the particle flux measurements made by an electrostatic analyzer on board low-orbiting DMSP satellites, etc.…”

From physics of polar aurora to changes of the fundamental approaches to the physics of the magnetospheric processes

“…Our paper using this mechanism for interpretation of auroral arc splitting and showing that the discussed mechanism difficulties can be illuminated, was rejected. It was only possible to publish an explanation of the generation of multiple arcs by single inverted V structure in our university journal (Antonova et al, 2012). So, in general, the situation should be considered as a failure.…”

“…All-sky observations at Tiksi showed storm time fast motions of structures stretched along the magnetic field, which could lead to the action of a twodimensional analogue of Fermi acceleration of the second order (Antonova, 1983). The developed mechanism described Formation of thin bright auroral arc at the boundary of the inverted V/U structure with particle flux J~10 11 cm −2 s −1 due to penetration of cold ionospheric plasma inside the plasma cavity ["grader model" in accordance with (Antonova et al, 2012)].…”