Mahonia invasions in different habitats: local adaptation or general-purpose genotypes?

Ross, Christel A.; Faust, Daniela M.; Auge, Harald

doi:10.1007/s10530-008-9261-y

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Invasive plant species spread over novel environments mainly by two mechanisms that are not mutually exclusive: local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity (Ross et al 2009;Bossdorf et al 2008;Parker et al 2003). Our results indicate that both mechanisms are involved in the successful invasion of the Valdivian forest understory by P. vulgaris.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Forests are not immune to plant invasions: phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation allow Prunella vulgaris to colonize a temperate evergreen rainforest

Godoy¹,

Saldaña

Fuentes

et al. 2010

Biol Invasions

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In the South American temperate evergreen rainforest (Valdivian forest), invasive plants are mainly restricted to open sites, being rare in the shaded understory. This is consistent with the notion of closed-canopy forests as communities relatively resistant to plant invasions. However, alien plants able to develop shade tolerance could be a threat to this unique forest. Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are two mechanisms enhancing invasiveness. Phenotypic plasticity can promote local adaptation by facilitating the establishment and persistence of invasive species in novel environments. We investigated the role of these processes in the recent colonization of Valdivian forest understory by the perennial alien herb Prunella vulgaris from nearby populations in open sites. Using reciprocal transplants, we found local adaptation between populations. Field data showed that the shade environment selected for taller plants and greater specific leaf areas. We found population differentiation and within-population genetic variation in both mean values and reaction norms to light variation of several ecophysiological traits in common gardens from seeds collected in sun and shade populations. The colonization of the forest resulted in a reduction of plastic responses to light variation, which is consistent with the occurrence of genetic assimilation and suggests that P. vulgaris individuals adapted to the shade have reduced probabilities to return to open O. Godoy Á F. Valladares sites. All results taken together confirm the potential for rapid evolution of shade tolerance in P. vulgaris and suggest that this alien species may pose a threat to the native understory flora of Valdivian forest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Forests are not immune to plant invasions: phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation allow Prunella vulgaris to colonize a temperate evergreen rainforest

Godoy¹,

Saldaña

Fuentes

et al. 2010

Biol Invasions

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“…However, it is less clear whether adaptive divergence plays as large a role in the evolutionary dynamics of invasive species, for which local patterns of selection are relatively novel. Some invasives show evidence of adaptive divergence across novel environmental heterogeneity, while others are generalists that rely upon plasticity to maintain high fitness across environments [4], [8], [9], [10], [11]. For species that co-invade environments as tightly inter-connected mutualists, partners might undergo genetic specialization or generalization to different degrees, depending in part on relative rates of gene flow and selection [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutualism and Adaptive Divergence: Co-Invasion of a Heterogeneous Grassland by an Exotic Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis

2011

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Species interactions play a critical role in biological invasions. For example, exotic plant and microbe mutualists can facilitate each other's spread as they co-invade novel ranges. Environmental context may influence the effect of mutualisms on invasions in heterogeneous environments, however these effects are poorly understood. We examined the mutualism between the legume, Medicago polymorpha, and the rhizobium, Ensifer medicae, which have both invaded California grasslands. Many of these invaded grasslands are composed of a patchwork of harsh serpentine and relatively benign non-serpentine soils. We grew legume genotypes collected from serpentine or non-serpentine soil in both types of soil in combination with rhizobium genotypes from serpentine or non-serpentine soils and in the absence of rhizobia. Legumes invested more strongly in the mutualism in the home soil type and trends in fitness suggested that this ecotypic divergence was adaptive. Serpentine legumes had greater allocation to symbiotic root nodules in serpentine soil than did non-serpentine legumes and non-serpentine legumes had greater allocation to nodules in non-serpentine soil than did serpentine legumes. Therefore, this invasive legume has undergone the rapid evolution of divergence for soil-specific investment in the mutualism. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the mutualism was less beneficial for legumes grown on the stressful serpentine soil than on the non-serpentine soil, possibly due to the inhibitory effects of serpentine on the benefits derived from the interaction. The soil-specific ability to allocate to a robust microbial mutualism may be a critical, and previously overlooked, adaptation for plants adapting to heterogeneous environments during invasion.

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“…Reciprocal transplantation experiments have been commonly applied in geobotany to study the local adaptation of plants to their habitat (50,52), the effects of the adaptation capacity of plant pathogens and invasive species, or plant performance along environmental gradients (5,33,34). The advantage of these experiments lies in the elimination of biases related to the growth of seedlings in the laboratory and in avoiding an erroneous simulation of natural conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Scale Transplantation Experiment To Investigate Structures of Soil Bacterial Communities at Pioneering Sites

Lazzaro¹,

Gauer²,

Zeyer³

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Studies on the effect of environmental conditions on plants and microorganisms are a central issue in ecology, and they require an adequate experimental setup. A strategy often applied in geobotanical studies is based on the reciprocal transplantation of plant species at different sites. We adopted a similar approach as a field-based tool to investigate the relationships of soil bacterial communities with the environment. Soil samples from two different (calcareous and siliceous) unvegetated glacier forefields were reciprocally transplanted and incubated for 15 months between 2009 and 2010. Controls containing local soils were included. The sites were characterized over time in terms of geographical (bedrock, exposition, sunlight, temperature, and precipitation) and physicochemical (texture, water content, soluble and nutrients) features. The incubating local ("home") and transplanted ("away") soils were monitored for changes in extractable nutrients and in the bacterial community structure, defined through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene. Concentrations of soluble ions in most samples were more significantly affected by seasons than by the transplantation. For example, NO 3 ؊ showed a seasonal pattern, increasing from 1 to 3 g NO 3 ؊ (g soil dry weight) ؊1 after the melting of snow but decreasing to <1 g NO 3 ؊ (g soil dry weight) ؊1 in autumn. Seasons, and in particular strong precipitation events occurring in the summer of 2010 (200 to 300 mm of rain monthly), were also related to changes of bacterial community structures. Our results show the suitability of this approach to compare responses of bacterial communities to different environmental conditions directly in the field.

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Mahonia invasions in different habitats: local adaptation or general-purpose genotypes?

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Forests are not immune to plant invasions: phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation allow Prunella vulgaris to colonize a temperate evergreen rainforest

Forests are not immune to plant invasions: phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation allow Prunella vulgaris to colonize a temperate evergreen rainforest

Mutualism and Adaptive Divergence: Co-Invasion of a Heterogeneous Grassland by an Exotic Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis

Field-Scale Transplantation Experiment To Investigate Structures of Soil Bacterial Communities at Pioneering Sites

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