MAIT cells: not just another brick in the wall

Debusschere, Karlijn; Lories, Rik; Elewaut, Dirk

doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209695

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since that time, there has been a growing body of research describing the role of MAIT cells in disease. Many have suggested that MAIT cells play important roles in infectious diseases, including bacterial and viral diseases, and non-infectious diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer; this topic has been reviewed recently ( 42 , 74 , 85 – 88 ), so here, we will focus on more recently published articles.…”

Section: Mait Cells and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells: New Insights into Antigen Recognition and Activation

Xiao

Cai

2017

Front. Immunol.

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Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a novel subpopulation of innate-like T cells that express an invariant T cell receptor (TCR)α chain and a diverse TCRβ chain, can recognize a distinct set of small molecules, vitamin B metabolites, derived from some bacteria, fungi but not viruses, in the context of an evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex-related molecule 1 (MR1). This implies that MAIT cells may play unique and important roles in host immunity. Although viral antigens are not recognized by this limited TCR repertoire, MAIT cells are known to be activated in a TCR-independent mechanism during some viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. In this article, we will review recent works in MAIT cell antigen recognition, activation and the role MAIT cells may play in the process of bacterial and viral infections and pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases.

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Section: Mait Cells and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells: New Insights into Antigen Recognition and Activation

Xiao

Cai

2017

Front. Immunol.

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“…It has recently been shown that IL-7 stimulates not only T helper lymphocytes 17 (LTh17) [34] but also innate immune cells like γδ LT [35] and mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells [36] to produce proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-17 (Figure 2). An interesting fact is that these innate-like T cells (T γδ , MAIT and ILC3) are the main source of IL-17A, not Th17 cells, confirming the role of innate immunity as a driver of pathophysiology in SpA [27, 37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Theretofore, SpA was based on the premise of an imbalance, especially of adaptive immunity, encompassing the IL-23 axis as a polarization stimulator for a Th17 response, with consequent IL-17 and TNF productions [25, 26]. However, currently, the role of innate immunity cells as the main in the physiopathogenesis of SpAs has been growing exponentially [27, 28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-7 is a Key Driver Cytokine in Spondyloarthritis?

Gonçalves

Duarte

2019

Journal of Immunology Research

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The rationale for a type 17 signature in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been increasing and being ratified in studies recently. IL-7 is a cytokine whose ability to stimulate IL-17 production in both innate and adaptive immunity cells has made it a promising target not only for a better understanding of the disease as well as an important potential therapeutic target in patients with SpA.

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“…Surprisingly, increased IL-17 production by MAIT cells derived from AS patients was IL-23-independent, but rather promoted by IL-7 ( 128 )—similar findings were recently reported in multiple sclerosis patients ( 129 ). Indeed, IL7R polymorphisms are associated with AS ( 4 ), and it was proposed that mechanical stress-induced IL-7 secretion by synovial fibroblasts could induce MAIT cell activation and thus IL-17 secretion during SpA pathogenesis ( 130 ). However, enthesis-resident MAIT cells have not been described so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whodunit? The Contribution of Interleukin (IL)-17/IL-22-Producing γδ T Cells, αβ T Cells, and Innate Lymphoid Cells to the Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis

Reinhardt

Prinz

2018

Front. Immunol.

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γδ T cells, αβ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are capable of producing interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. Among these three families of lymphocytes, it is emerging that γδ T cells are, at least in rodents, the main source of these key pro-inflammatory cytokines. γδ T cells were implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and uveitis, colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent findings pointed toward a central role of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA), a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases affecting the axial skeleton. SpA primarily manifests as inflammation and new bone formation at the entheses, which are connecting tendons or ligaments with bone. In SpA patients, joint inflammation is frequently accompanied by extra-articular manifestations, such as inflammatory bowel disease or psoriasis. In humans, genome-wide association studies could link the IL-23/IL-17 cytokine axis to SpA. Accordingly, antibodies targeting IL-23/IL-17 for SpA treatment already showed promising results in clinical studies. However, the contribution of IL-17-producing γδ T cells to SpA pathogenesis is certainly not an open-and-shut case. Indeed, the cell types that are chiefly involved in local inflammation in human SpA still remain largely unclear. Some studies focusing on blood or synovium from SpA patients reported augmented IL-17-producing and IL-23 receptor-expressing γδ T cells, but other cell types might contribute as well. Here, we summarize the current understanding of how γδ T cells, αβ T cells, and ILCs contribute to the pathogenesis of human and experimental SpA.

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MAIT cells: not just another brick in the wall

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells: New Insights into Antigen Recognition and Activation

Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells: New Insights into Antigen Recognition and Activation

IL-7 is a Key Driver Cytokine in Spondyloarthritis?

Whodunit? The Contribution of Interleukin (IL)-17/IL-22-Producing γδ T Cells, αβ T Cells, and Innate Lymphoid Cells to the Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis

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