Maize Response at Three Levels of Shade and its Improvement with Intensive Agro Forestry Regimes in Gunung Kidul, Java, Indonesia

Suryanto, Priyono; Putra, Eka Tarwaca Susila; Kurniawan, Syahrul; Suwignyo, Bambang; Sukirno, D.A.P.

doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2014.03.047

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…We find yield differences between the treatments, specifically; maize yield significantly different for all the treatments for the two seasons, while soybean yields not significantly different for mature Shea and young Shea treatments. We attribute this yield differences between the treatments to a number of factors; firstly, the response of maize and soybeans to different levels of shading as reported by [13]. The difference between maize and soybean yield can also be attributed to the physiological differences between the two crops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) on maize and soybean production

2019

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Vitellaria paradoxa provides many benefits to farmers within the Shea belt. However, increased threats to it necessitate its conservation, and one common approach is the practice of agroforestry. A number of studies have shown that Shea tree has influence on crop production, and yet, some of these studies were done using single season experiments or bioassays using mature Shea tree components. In this study, the seasonal influence of young and mature Shea trees on Maize and Soybean yields was investigated using field experiments in Otuke district of northern Uganda, where, Shea tree parklands are dominant and Maize and Soybean are used for food security and income. Our results show that there are differential responses of maize and soybean yield to rainy seasons and physiological variations of Vitellaria paradoxa with age. We find yield reduction for maize more pronounced than yield reduction for soybeans under different Shea age (Mature and Young) for two rainy seasons. We attribute the variance to the differential maize and soybean responses to Vitellaria paradoxa shading and its differential allelopathic inhibition of these crops. We recommend that Soybeans should be preferred to maize when planting under Shea canopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) on maize and soybean production

2019

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“…Studies have shown that shading stress reduces chlorophyll content, the photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the flag leaf, and C fixation (Mu et al, 2010), thereby reducing the assimilate supply to sink organs (Suryanto et al, 2014) and altering dry matter accumulation and partitioning patterns (Wang et al, 2003). Overall, shading stress eventually limits sink strength, leading to yield loss.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Shading Stress on Grain Number, Yield, and Photosynthesis during Early Reproductive Growth in Wheat

et al. 2019

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Climate change causes shading and threatens wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Understanding the effects of shading on grain number and morphological characteristics of winter wheat during the young microspore (YM) stage may secure grain yield. Field and pot experiments were performed with six widely planted winter wheat cultivars in the North China Plain (NCP), subjected to 98% blocking of natural light for different shading durations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 d) during the YM stage. Results showed that the YM stage was highly sensitive to shading stress, which significantly reduced grain number, causing grain yield loss. Moreover, response to shading varied among cultivars. Sensitive cultivars, such as Kenong9204 and Liangxing99, showed decreases in grain yield per plant of 32.2 to 74.9% and 25.7 to 91.4% in 2016 and 23.0 to 89.2% and 21.9 to 94.3% in 2017 with increasing shading duration. Reduction in grain yield with increasing shading duration was associated with decreasing grain number, grain weight, plant height, and dry matter weight of main stems and tillers. Tolerant cultivars Jimai32 and Henong825 experienced decreases in grain yield per plant of 8.2 to 17.3% and 11.3 to 14.2% in 2016 and 9.7 to 23.7% and 6.5 to 18.5% in 2017 with increasing shading duration. Adaptation of tolerant cultivars to shading was enhanced by rapid tiller development and photosynthesis recovery, inducing productive tillers to increase grain number per tiller, thus resulting in a smaller reduction in grain yield. Therefore, selecting shade‐tolerant cultivars may help to ensure high yield in winter wheat in fog‐haze areas of the NCP.

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“…Other empirical studies conducted in the Middle Hill regions of Nepal reported reduction in maize and millet production by the tree shade (Amatya et al 2018;Tiwari et al 2012). Such adverse shading effects, especially from trees with dense canopy, have also been confirmed in countries other than Nepal (Tiwari et al 2012) as well as on a variety of crops such as rice panicles and spikelets, maize, wheat, and legumes (Jose et al 2008;Lin et al 1998;Miyagawa et al 2017;Sharif et al 2010;Suryanto et al 2014). In this study, farmers acknowledged that the lack of proper forest management activities (e.g., thinning and pruning) contributed to the increased phenomenon of tree shading and incidences of crop raiding.…”

Section: A Cropland Abandonment Reported Reasonsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In addition, we also included the shading effect (binary variable: parcel with or without shading effects) on cropland abandonment. Recent empirical studies have found that the shading effect of forests on the adjacent agriculture land (Miyagawa et al 2017;Sharif et al 2010;Suryanto et al 2014) occurs up to 15 m from the forest edge for wheat and rice and 30 m for maize (Schmidt et al 2019). Parcels close to forests could be less productive due to shading (Jose et al 2008) and crop raiding by wild animals living there (L. .…”

Section: Selection and Definition Of The Model Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cropland Abandonment in the Community-Forestry Landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal

et al. 2021

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Cropland abandonment has been a major land-use concern, threatening food security globally. Understanding the factors contributing to cropland abandonment advances land-use change science and provides essential information for policy making, both of which aim to improve agriculture land management. Despite many studies conducted on this topic, we still lack in-depth understanding on how feedbacks from the natural system influence cropland-use decisions at the household level in the human system. We fill this knowledge gap by conducting this study in the Middle Hills of Nepal, where community forestry is an integral part of the land-use system. We collected qualitative data through focus-group discussions, key-informant interviews, and review of local community-forest management documents, and we collected quantitative socioeconomic data through a household survey of 415 households. We geolocated 1264 cropland parcels owned by these households and recorded their use statuses. We found that there is an increasing trend of cropland abandonment that is due to multiple socioeconomic, ecological, and biophysical factors. A higher likelihood of cropland abandonment is linked to households that have more out-migrants, female heads, nonagricultural occupation of the household heads, and larger areas of agriculture landholding. The study also found that cropland parcels that are far from the households, close to the forest edge, and on steeper slopes are more likely to be abandoned. These findings provide key information for policy makers to devise effective measures on managing cropland and developing sustainable agriculture in rural Nepal.

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Maize Response at Three Levels of Shade and its Improvement with Intensive Agro Forestry Regimes in Gunung Kidul, Java, Indonesia

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) on maize and soybean production

Influence of Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) on maize and soybean production

Effects of Shading Stress on Grain Number, Yield, and Photosynthesis during Early Reproductive Growth in Wheat

Cropland Abandonment in the Community-Forestry Landscape in the Middle Hills of Nepal

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