Major Micro vascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetic Outpatients in Southwest Ethiopia

AN, Tilahun; Waktola, C; GM, Tewodros; GT, Sadik; DW, Amare; Yohannis, M; Solomon, Tom; Eshetu, Mohammed; Shewatatek, G; BZ,

doi:10.4172/2161-1017.1000272

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This is similar to studies conducted in Arbaminch (13) and China (31). Finding from Southwest of Ethiopia showed diabetic patients who had family history diabetes were threetimes more susceptible to the development of micro vascular complications like DR (12). Diabetic patients who had poor glycemic control had higher odds of developing retinopathy than those with good glycemic control.…”

Section: Providing Proper Health Information and Counseling On The Cosupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Similar studies in Singapore (33), San Franscisco (38) and India (29) indicated that diabetic patients who were anemic was independently associated with an increased risk of developing DR. But cohort study done in china (15), Korea (28) and Ethiopia (12) suggested that higher hemoglobin was independently associated with an increased risk of DR. These differences could be anemia induced retinal hypoxia which alters angiogenesis, capillary permeability, vasomotor response, and cell survival and also due to low plasma ferritin concentration (11).…”

Section: Providing Proper Health Information and Counseling On The Comentioning

confidence: 97%

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Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Southwest Ethiopia: A facility-based case-control study

Garoma¹,

Merga

Hiko

2020

Preprint

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Background: Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the serious complications patients’ diabetic patients suffer from. Little is known about which risk factors are associated with this complication. The aim of this study was therefore to identify determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Jimma University Medical Center. Methods: A facility-based case-control study was conducted. Cases were Diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and who were on follow up at the Jimma University Medical Center while controls were Diabetic patients but free of diabetic retinopathy and who were on follow up at the Jimma University Medical Center. Cases and controls were identified and 311 of them were recruited using systematic random sampling. Data were entered into the Epi-Data version 4.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Result: A total of 106 cases and 205 controls diabetic participated in the study. Being ≥60 years of age (AOR=5.04,95%CI: 1.83,13.87),being illiterate (AOR=7.17, 95% CI: 2.61,19.7), poor adherence to medication (AOR =3: 95% CI: 1.29,6.95),having high systolic blood pressure (AOR=3.38:95% CI: 1.26,9.05), having family history of Diabetes Mellitus (AOR=3.95: 95% CI: 1.64,9.54), having other micro vascular complications (AOR=3.76,95% CI: 1.33,10.66), poor glycemic control (AOR=9.08, 95%CI: 3.7,22.29), poor cholesterol control (AOR= 0.21, 95%CI: 0.08,0.51) and being anaemic (AOR= 2.8, 95%CI: 1.05,7.47) were the independent determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: This study found that poor adherence to medication, being at the age of 60 years and above, being illiterate patients, having high systolic blood pressure, having a family history of Diabetes Mellitus, having other micro vascular complication, poor glycemic control, poor cholesterol control and being anemic patient were the independent determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, more attention should be given to older age and illiterate patients. Giving more emphasis for patients poorly adhered to anti-diabetic medications and giving advice for diabetic patients with high systolic blood pressure to follow their blood pressure regularly are also vital. Diabetic patients should also control their Blood sugar and blood cholesterol levels to prevent diabetic retinopathy or reduce its further complications.

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Section: Providing Proper Health Information and Counseling On The Cosupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Providing Proper Health Information and Counseling On The Comentioning

confidence: 97%

Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Southwest Ethiopia: A facility-based case-control study

Garoma¹,

Merga

Hiko

2020

Preprint

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“…Studies from 4 regions and 1 town administrative of the country were included. Oromia [12,16,17], Amhara [19,25,26], and AA [11,15,27] contributing three studies in each region and 1 from southern nationalities [18] and 1 from Tigray [24] region ( Table 1).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). Accordingly, the prevalence ranged from 7.15% (95%CI: 3.73, 10.56) in Oromia region [12,16,17] to 19.31% (95%CI: 2.7. 41.37) in Addis Ababa [11,15,27].…”

Section: Subgroup Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the prevalence of foot ulcers in diabetic patients varies from place to place in the country, it ranges from 1.5-31.5%, which show a great variation across different geographical settings and times [11,12]. Research also report different causes of foot ulcers in diabetic patients including older age, rural residence, poor self-care practice, staying with the disease for long years, high body mass index (BMI), type-2 DM, smoking, and presence of neuropathy [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, there is no representative data on diabetic foot ulcer in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and associated factors of foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: Diabetes and its complications including foot ulcer constitute a global public health challenge attributing to a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Foot ulcer is one of the long-term complication of diabetes mellitus which lead to infection and amputation of lower extremities. In Ethiopia, findings from few studies were inconsistent and there is a need to systematically pool existing data to determine the magnitude of foot ulcer in diabetics and factors contributing to it. Methods: We identified articles through electronic databases such as Medline, Hinari, Pub Med, Cochrane library, the Web of Science and Google Scholar. Accordingly, we identified 95 published and one unpublished article. Finally, eleven studies which fullfilled eligibility criteria were included in final systematic review and meta-analysis. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction checklist and the analyses were conducted using STATA version 14. The Cochrane Q test statistic and I 2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity. Results: The overall magnitude of foot ulcer was 12.98% (95%CI: 7.81-18.15) in diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Subgroup analyses revealed highest prevalence in Addis Ababa (19.31% (95%CI: 2.7. 41.37)). Foot ulcer was significantly associated with rural residence (OR = 2.72, 95%, CI: 1.84-4.01)), presence of callus on the feet ((OR = 12.67, 95%, CI: 6.47-24.79)), a body mass index of ≥24.5 ((OR = 2.68, 95%, CI: 1.58-4.56)), poor self-care practice ((OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.25-1.73)), type I diabetes mellitus ((OR = 0.42, 95%, CI: 0.22-0.79)), staying with DM for < 10 years ((OR = 0.23, 95%, CI: 0.11-0.50)), and age < 45 years ((OR = 0.44, 95%, CI: 0.21-0.92)). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers in Ethiopia is relatively low, although its trend is increasing from time to time. Socio-demographic factors, body weight, and healthcare practice contribute to the development of diabetic foot ulcers. Appropriate interventions towards patient self-care practice, lifestyle modification and follow-up are wanted to prevent diabetic foot ulcers.

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Relationship between salivary levels of interleukin‐8 and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes

Shirzaiy,

Dalirsani,

Peymankar

et al. 2023

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease, which genetic and environmental factors play a role in its pathogenesis. Cytokines as important elements in the immune system have diverse expressions in different individuals and societies and are effective in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study investigated the relationship between blood sugar control and salivary levels of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 73 subjects (35 diabetic and 38 healthy individuals). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and the correlation between IL‐8, as an inflammatory marker and HbA1c (Haemoglobin A1C) was studied.ResultsThe levels of IL‐8 and HbA1c were significantly higher in the patient group than control group (p < .001, p < .001, respectively). There was not any relationship between salivary IL‐8 levels and glycemic control levels (p = .629). Also, there was no remarkable difference between men and women in terms of the levels of IL‐8 and HbA1c saliva (p = .524, p = .998, respectively).ConclusionAlthough the salivary IL‐8 levels were higher in the diabetic patients, blood sugar control did not significantly affect cytokine concentrations. Increased salivary levels of IL‐8 in patients with type 2 diabetes could be a basis for risk assessment, prevention and treatment of diabetes‐related complications.

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Major Micro vascular Complications and Associated Risk Factors among Diabetic Outpatients in Southwest Ethiopia

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Southwest Ethiopia: A facility-based case-control study

Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Southwest Ethiopia: A facility-based case-control study

Prevalence and associated factors of foot ulcer among diabetic patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Relationship between salivary levels of interleukin‐8 and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes

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