Majority Voter Full Characterization for Nanomagnet Logic Circuits

Vacca, Marco; Graziano, Mariagrazia; Zamboni, Maurizio

doi:10.1109/tnano.2012.2207965

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…At the time of computation, the previous clock [27] (c) RFTG gate [31] (d) PRC gate [29] (e) Reconfigurable majority gate [28] zone must hold its output, which can be achieved by splitting the clock into four phases: switch, hold, release and relax [20] which is shown in Figure 1(f). Four types of implementation technology exists in QCA: (a) metal-island [23]; (b) semiconductor [24]; (c) molecular [30] [9]; and (d) magnetic [37] [4]. The metalisland is the first implementation technology created to demonstrate the behaviour of QCA which requires cryogenic temperature to operate [23].…”

Section: Mv(a B C) = Ab + Bc + Camentioning

confidence: 99%

A Realistic Configurable Level Triggered Flip-Flop in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Goswami

Choudhury

Sen

2019

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a likely candidate for future low power nano-scale electronic devices. Sequential circuits in QCA attract more attention due to its numerous application in digital industry. On the other hand, configurable devices provide low device cost and efficient utilization of device area. Since the fundamental building block of any sequential logic circuit is flip flop, hence constructing configurable, multi-purpose QCA flip-flops are one of the prime importance of current research. This work proposes a design of configurable flip-flop (CFF) which is the first of its kind in QCA domain. The proposed flip-flop can be configured to D, T and JK flip-flop by configuring its control inputs. In addition, to make more efficient configurable flip-flop, a clock pulse generator (CPG) is designed which can trigger all types of edges (falling, rising and dual) of a clock. The same CFF design is used to realize an edge configurable (dual/rising/falling) flipflop with the help of CPG. The biggest advantage of using edge configurable (dual/rising/falling) flip-flop is that it can be used in 9 different ways using the same single circuit. All the proposed designs are verified using QCADesigner simulator.

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Section: Mv(a B C) = Ab + Bc + Camentioning

confidence: 99%

A Realistic Configurable Level Triggered Flip-Flop in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Goswami

Choudhury

Sen

2019

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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“…In terms of physical implementation, metallic and magnetic solutions, that successfully demonstrated the QCA principle, were presented in [10,11]. However, according to the Lent theory [2], the best implementation of the QCA cell, in terms of performance and size, is the molecular cell, as discussed herein.…”

Section: Background: Molecular Qcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Molecules for Quantum Cellular Automata as Computing Devices

Ardesi

Pulimeno

Graziano

et al. 2018

JLPEA

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Notwithstanding the increasing interest in Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (MQCA) as emerging devices for computation, a characterization of their behavior from an electronic standpoint is not well-stated. Devices are typically analyzed with quantum physics-based approaches which are far from the electronic engineering world and make it difficult to design, simulate and fabricate molecular devices. In this work, we define new figures of merits to characterize the molecules, which are based on the post-processing of results obtained from ab initio simulations. We define the Aggregated Charge (AC), the electric-field generated at the receiver molecule (EFGR), the Vin-Vout and Vin-AC transcharacteristics (VVT and VACT), the Vout maps (VOM) and the MQCA cell working zones (CWZ). These quantities are compatible with an electronic engineering point of view and can be used to analyze the capability of molecules to propagate information. We apply and verify the methodology to three molecules already proposed in the literature for MQCA and we state to which extent these molecules can be effective for computation. The adopted methodology provides the quantitative characterization of the molecules necessary for digital designers, to design digital circuits, and for technologists, to the future fabrication of MQCA devices.

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“…The basic logic gate in NML technology is the Majority Voter, and as a consequence, it is the most critical block. In [41], we analyzed the Majority Voter changing distances among neighbor magnets. In this work, we focus, as we have carried out with the other basic blocks, on magnet misplacement.…”

Section: Appendix A: Macro-spin Llg Enginementioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and reliable fault analysis methodology for nanomagnetic circuits

Turvani

Riente

Cairo

et al. 2016

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Summary The increasing issues in scaled Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) circuit fabrication favor the flourishing of emerging technologies. Because of their limited sizes, both CMOS and emerging technologies are particularly sensitive to defects that arise during the fabrication process. Their impact is not easy to analyze in order to take the necessary countermeasures, especially in the case of circuits of realistic complexity based on emerging technologies. In this work, we propose a new methodology supported by an efficient and reliable tool for the identification of the impact of faults in complex circuits implemented using the emerging technology we are focusing on in this case: nanomagnetic logic. The methodology is based on three main steps: (i) we performed exhaustive physical‐level simulations of basic blocks based on a detailed finite‐element tool in order to have a full characterization, to know their properties in presence of defects, and to have a solid reference point for the following steps; (ii) we developed a model (fanomag) for the basic block behavior suitable for simulations in presence of defects of complex circuits, that is, lighter than a physical level one, but accurate enough to capture the most important features to be inherited at circuit level; (iii) starting from a physical design of complex circuits that we perform using a specific design tool we developed, that is, ToPoliNano, we simulated using fanomag, now embedded in our ToPoliNano tool, the behavior of circuits in presence of multiple sets of fabrication defects using a Monte Carlo approach now included in ToPoliNano as a new feature. In this paper, a specific type of defect is considered as a case study. The framework and methodology are conceived to be easily extended to handle other types of defects and problems due to working conditions that a designer and/or a technologist might want to focus on. The major outcome is then a powerful methodology and tool capable to analyze with a good accuracy nanomagnetic logic complex circuits and architectures both in ideal conditions and in presence of defects with remarkable performance in terms of simulation times. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Majority Voter Full Characterization for Nanomagnet Logic Circuits

Cited by 46 publications

References 18 publications

A Realistic Configurable Level Triggered Flip-Flop in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

A Realistic Configurable Level Triggered Flip-Flop in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

Effectiveness of Molecules for Quantum Cellular Automata as Computing Devices

Efficient and reliable fault analysis methodology for nanomagnetic circuits

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