Making Livelihoods more Sustainable

Singh, Naresh; Gilman, Jonathan

doi:10.1111/1468-2451.00225

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Other studies have worked from a vulnerability and social security perspective; several have focused on disturbances and local vulnerabilities (Blaikie 1995, Adger et al 2001. Investigations into change processes and adaptation have included short-term (Davies 1996) and long-term responses (Singh and Gilman 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Strategies that Build Livelihood Resilience: a Case from Cambodia

Marschke¹,

Berkes²

2006

E&S

284

181

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ABSTRACT. Livelihoods in Cambodian fishing communities are complex and dynamic. Fluctuations in resource abundance, seasonal cycles of resource use, and changes in access create conditions that bring challenges for rural households, as do economic and policy drivers. Nonetheless, people are continuously "doing something" in response to these stresses and shocks. This paper sets out to explore how households and community members attempt to mitigate against such challenges. The analysis of livelihood stresses and shocks in two Cambodian fishing villages shows that diversification is a commonly used strategy for coping and adapting. Analyzing responses at multiple scales, with emphasis on resilience-building strategies at household and community levels, illuminates aspects of livelihoods. To study local-level perspectives of resilience, well-being was used as the surrogate of resilience, producing three clusters of responses related to economic conditions, resources, and relationships.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Strategies that Build Livelihood Resilience: a Case from Cambodia

Marschke¹,

Berkes²

2006

E&S

284

181

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“…They arose from a need to better understand interrelationships of people with natural resources and to help chart pathways for poverty reduction and social justice in the developing world (Martens 2006). In the 1990s, conceptual progress was made in terms of articulating components of sustainable livelihood frameworks (Chambers and Conway 1992;Scoones 1998;Singh and Gillman 1999). A livelihood is sustainable when it allows an individual or a household to recover from an internal or external shock; the ability to recover from a shock is referred to as resilience.…”

Section: Pivotal Issues and Conceptual Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rangeland Systems in Developing Nations: Conceptual Advances and Societal Implications

Coppock

Fernández‐Giménez

Hiernaux

et al. 2017

Springer Series on Environmental Management

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Developing-country rangelands are vast and diverse. They are home to millions who are often poor, politically marginalized, and dependent on livestock for survival. Here we summarize our experiences from six case-study sites in subSaharan Africa, central Asia, and Latin America generally covering the past 25 years. We examine issues pertaining to population, natural resource management, climate, land use, livestock marketing, social conflict, and pastoral livelihoods. The six study sites differ with respect to human and livestock population dynamics and This chapter is dedicated to the memory of an exemplary international rangeland scientist, Thomas L. Thurow (1955Thurow ( -2016. the resulting pressures on natural resources. Environmental degradation, however, has been commonly observed. Climate change is also having diverse systemic effects often related to increasing aridity. As rangelands become more economically developed pastoral livelihoods may diversify, food security can improve, and commercial livestock production expands, but wealth stratification widens. Some significant upgrades in rural infrastructure and public service delivery have occurred; telecommunications are markedly improved overall due to widespread adoption of mobile phones. Pressures from grazing, farming, mining, and other land usescombined with drought-can ignite local conflicts over resources, although the intensity and scope of conflicts markedly varies across our case-study sites. Pastoralists and their herds have become more sedentary overall due to many factors, and this can undermine traditional risk-management tactics based on mobility. Remote rangelands still offer safe havens for insurgents, warlords, and criminals especially in countries where policing remains weak; the resulting civil strife can undermine commerce and public safety. There has been tremendous growth in knowledge concerning developing-country rangelands since 1990, but this has not often translated into improved environmental stewardship or an enhanced wellbeing for rangeland dwellers. Some examples of demonstrable impact are described, and these typically have involved longer-term investments in capacity building for pastoralists, local professionals, and other stakeholders. Research is shifting from ecologically centered to more human-centered issues; traditional academic approaches are often being augmented with participatory, community-based engagement. Building human or social capital in ways that are integrated with improved natural resource stewardship offers the greatest returns on research investment. Our future research and outreach priorities include work that fortifies pastoral governance, enhances livelihoods for a diverse array of rangeland residents, and improves land and livestock management in a comprehensive social-ecological systems approach. Keywords IntroductionIn this chapter we focus on rangelands of the developing world. By rangelands we refer to landscapes-largely unsuitable for sustained cultivation-providing forage, water, ...

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“…Some important factors like extreme cold, social exclusion, socio-economic status and identity crisis influence informants to adopt different adaptation strategies in the North (Reed et al 2013). Vulnerability of livelihoods affects a community's micro level livelihood options (Singh and Gilman 1999).…”

Section: T H E E Va L U a T I O N O F I N T E G R A T I O N A N D R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Identities in Sustaining Religious Communities in the Arctic Region: An Ethnographic Analysis of Religiosity from the Northern Viewpoint

Yeasmin

2017

Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics

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Northern countries are facing the challenges of declining human capital, and admitting immigrants, many of whom belong to religious minorities, to satisfy the demand for labour. If northern societies accept multiculturalism and immigrants, they should not disregard the cultures and religious practices (for example, ritual slaughter) of immigrants, as they need to survive and integrate as a minority community in a secular society. However, there is clash between secularism and religions permitting animal slaughter, which is prohibited by some and allowed by other European countries. Community viability and sustainability depend partly on the exercise of community beliefs and ideology that support identity behaviour. This study will present an ethnographic analysis of the religiosity related to ritual slaughter and Muslim cultural identity in the European Arctic region and explore how religious relativism and practice sustain the community and support the overall integration of the Muslim minority in the North.

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Making Livelihoods more Sustainable

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Exploring Strategies that Build Livelihood Resilience: a Case from Cambodia

Exploring Strategies that Build Livelihood Resilience: a Case from Cambodia

Rangeland Systems in Developing Nations: Conceptual Advances and Societal Implications

Cultural Identities in Sustaining Religious Communities in the Arctic Region: An Ethnographic Analysis of Religiosity from the Northern Viewpoint

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