Making waves: How does the emergence of antimicrobial resistance affect policymaking?

Kumlien, Ana Carolina Maganha de Almeida; González-Villalobos, Edgar; Balcázar, José Luís

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117772

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…It is also a necessity, given that the availability of antimicrobials is the most powerful treatment option. In Europe, for example, the European Center for Disease Control (CDC) is the main stewardship body for the European Union and the European Economic Area (EEA) [67][68][69][70]. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is responsible for the US area.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Stewardshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship: Before, during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic

Khaznadar,

Petrovic

et al. 2023

Microbiology Research

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an ongoing phenomenon. It is a significant public health issue that has existed long before the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It develops as microorganisms undergo genetic mutations that allow them to survive despite antimicrobial treatment. This process is highly associated with excessive and often unnecessary antimicrobial pharmacotherapy, which was often discussed during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article explores how the pandemic has affected antimicrobial stewardship by shifting the focus away from antimicrobial resistance, as well as the impact of enhanced antibiotic usage and measures such as lockdowns, mandatory testing and vaccination on antimicrobial resistance. Although these measures were regarded as successful in terms of limiting the pandemic, they have significantly contributed to an already escalating AMR issue. Outpatient methods in primary care and intensive care units aiming to prevent severe COVID-19 disease have contributed to the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, while laboratories burdened with COVID-19 testing have indirectly interrupted the detection of these bacteria. In this review, we summarize the pathogens whose AMRe has been greatly affected by COVID-19 measures and emphasize the importance of efficient antimicrobial stewardship in future pandemic and non-pandemic states to promote the responsible use of antibiotics and minimize AMR.

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Section: Antimicrobial Stewardshipmentioning

confidence: 99%