Malaria importada: revisión epidemiológica y clínica de una enfermedad emergente cada vez más frecuente

Martínez-Baylach, J.; Dalmau, Antoni; Rodríguez, L. García; Sauca, Goretti

doi:10.1016/s1695-4033(07)70607-0

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The southern Madrid region is a middle- and working-class area, where very few Spanish residents have the capacity to travel to tropical countries. On the other side, the immigrant population go for the summer holidays to their native countries, where they become infected and are diagnosed upon return, which fits with the observation that most of the malaria diagnosis is performed during the summer period [17-19], and also with the fact that in this series there was a progressive increase in the number of positive diagnosis cases between June to August.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Imported malaria in an area in southern Madrid, 2005-2008

Rey¹,

Zuza²,

Martínez-Mondéjar³

et al. 2010

Malar J

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BackgroundIn Spain, malaria cases are mostly due to migrants and travellers returning from endemic areas. The objective of this work was to describe the malaria cases diagnosed at the Severo Ochoa University Hospital (HUSO) in Leganés in the south of the Madrid Region from 2005 to 2008.MethodsDescriptive retrospective study performed at HUSO. Data sources are registries from the Microbiology Department and malaria cases notified to the Preventive Medicine Department. Analysed parameters were: administrative, demographical, related to the stay at the endemic country, clinical, microbiological diagnosis method, pregnancy, treatment and prophylaxis, co-infections, and days of hospital stay.ResultsFifty-seven patients diagnosed with malaria were studied. Case distribution per year was 13 in 2005, 15 in 2006, 15 in 2007 and 14 in 2008. Thirty-three patients were female (57.9%) and 24 male (42.1%). Mean age was 27.8 years. Most of the malaria cases were acquired in Nigeria (49.1%) and Equatorial Guinea (32.7%). 29.1% of the patients were immigrants who had arrived recently, and 61.8% acquired malaria when travelling to their countries of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFR). Majority of cases were diagnosed between June and September. Microscopy was positive in 39 cases (68.4%) immunochromatography in 42 (73.7%) and PCR in the 55 cases where performed. Plasmodium falciparum was responsible for 94.7% of the cases. The more frequent symptoms were fever (77.2%), followed by headache and gastrointestinal symptoms (33.3%). Nine cases needed hospital admittance, a pregnant woman, three children, four VFR and an African tourist, but all evolved favourably. Chemoprophylaxis data was known from 55 patients. It was taken correctly in one case (1.8%), in five (9.1%) the prophylaxis was improper while the others 49 (89.1%) cases had not followed any anti-malarial prophylaxis.ConclusionsChildren, pregnant women and the VFR have the highest risk to present severe malaria and to need hospital admittance. Another important risk factor for acquiring malaria is incorrect prophylaxis. The first place for malaria acquisition was Nigeria and the main species causing malaria was P. falciparum.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Imported malaria in an area in southern Madrid, 2005-2008

Rey¹,

Zuza²,

Martínez-Mondéjar³

et al. 2010

Malar J

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“…En los 25 años estudiados, se diagnosticaron en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante 24 casos de malaria en menores de 15 años. Al igual que en otros estudios en España y Europa (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), en este se constató un incremento de los casos de malaria infantil en los últimos años. Todos los casos diagnosticados eran importados.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Malaria importada en población pediátrica de Alicante, España (1994-2019)

et al. 2022

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Introducción. En los últimos años ha aumentado la malaria importada en niños, en quienes la enfermedad es potencialmente grave y mortal.Objetivo. Describir la incidencia y características clínico-epidemiológicas de niños con diagnóstico de conmalaria en Alicante, España, en los últimos años.Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional y retrospectivo de los casos de malaria en menores de 15 años, diagnosticados en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante desde 1994 hasta 2019.Resultados. Se registraron 24 casos. El número de casos pasó de dos en el primer quinquenio a 11 en el último. La mediana de edad fue de 6 años (rango intercuartílico: 3 a 8). El 91,6 % procedía de África subsahariana. Los niños nacidos en España de padres inmigrantes que viajan a una zona endémica para visitar a familiares y amigos (Visiting Friends and Relatives) representaron el 62,5 % (n=15) y solo consta que recibiera quimioprofilaxis antipalúdica un paciente (6,7 %). Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron fiebre (86,9 %), hepatoesplenomegalia (70,8 %) y anemia (70,8 %). Plasmodium falciparum fue la especie más frecuentemente identificada (83,3 %; n=20). El tratamiento más empleado fue la combinación de dihidroartemisina y piperaquina por vía oral (41,6 %, n=10), con evolución favorable en todos los casos.Conclusiones. Los casos de paludismo infantil importado están aumentando en los últimos años. Las manifestaciones clínicas son inespecíficas en estos niños, por lo que es importante que los profesionales conozcan la enfermedad y tengan un alto índice de sospecha para iniciar el tratamiento precoz. Además, deben tomarse las medidas preventivas adecuadas antes de un viaje.

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