Malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northern Ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccines

Appawu, Maxwell A.; Owusu‐Agyei, Seth; Dadzie, Samuel; Asoala, Victor; Anto, Francis; Koram, Kwadwo A.; Rogers, William O.; Nkrumah, Francis; Hoffman, Stephen L.; Fryauff, David J.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01162.x

Cited by 131 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…melas are the major vectors of malaria and lymphatic filariasis in the country. 14,27 The primary interventions used against these vectors are ITNs and indoor residual spraying (IRS). The use of ITNs has helped to reduce malaria morbidity in some parts of the country 28 and IRS is currently being implemented in some areas of the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With a protection level of about 90% and the relatively high epidemiological efficacy, the repellent when used in combination with ITNs and IRS, could offer a useful integrated strategy that might lead to significant reduction of not only malaria but other diseases such as lymphatic filariasis because the same vectors 14,27 transmit both diseases in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus are the main vectors and the average biting pressure in the area is 36.7 bites/man/night. 14 The entomological inoculation rate has been estimated at 418 infective bites/person/ year, with~60% of malaria transmission in KND occurring indoors during the second half of the night, peaking again at daybreak between 04:00 AM and 06:00 AM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Community-Wide Study of Malaria Reduction: Evaluating Efficacy and User-Acceptance of a Low-Cost Repellent in Northern Ghana

Dadzie

Boakye²,

Asoala³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. NO MAS (NM) mosquito repellent was evaluated in two farming villages (4 km apart) in the Kassena Nankana district of northern Ghana. We determined its efficacy against local malaria vectors, degree of user acceptance, and its effect on malaria prevalence in households using insecticide-treated bed nets. The average protective efficacy of NM against Anopheles mosquitoes over 9 hours was 89.6%. Controls averaged 86 bites/person/night versus 9 bites/ person/night with the use of NM. Use of repellent was associated with a decrease of absolute malaria prevalence by 19.2% in the repellent village and by 6.5% in the control village (45.5 to 26.3, and 29.5 to 23.0, respectively). The useracceptance rate of NM repellent was 96.1%. Ten percent (10%) of repellent users reported irritation as the main adverse effect during the period. Eighty-five percent (85%) of the users found the odor of NM appealing and 87% reported no inconvenience in applying the repellent daily.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Community-Wide Study of Malaria Reduction: Evaluating Efficacy and User-Acceptance of a Low-Cost Repellent in Northern Ghana

Dadzie

Boakye²,

Asoala³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…7). Sera were collected from healthy individuals between 5 and 20 y of age living in the KassenaNankana District in northern Ghana where P. falciparum is highly endemic (67). Sera from healthy Swiss adults without any history of malaria served as negative control.…”

Section: Natural Immunogenicity Of Cyrpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Immunoprotection of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Mice Designates the CyRPA as Candidate Malaria Vaccine Antigen

Dreyer

Matile

Papastogiannidis

et al. 2012

The Journal of Immunology

114

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An effective malaria vaccine could prove to be the most cost-effective and efficacious means of preventing severe disease and death from malaria. In an endeavor to identify novel vaccine targets, we tested predicted Plasmodium falciparum open reading frames for proteins that elicit parasite-inhibitory Abs. This has led to the identification of the cysteine-rich protective Ag (CyRPA). CyRPA is a cysteine-rich protein harboring a predicted signal sequence. The stage-specific expression of CyRPA in late schizonts resembles that of proteins known to be involved in merozoite invasion. Immunofluorescence staining localized CyRPA at the apex of merozoites. The entire protein is conserved as shown by sequencing of the CyRPA encoding gene from a diverse range of P. falciparum isolates. CyRPA-specific mAbs substantially inhibited parasite growth in vitro as well as in a P. falciparum animal model based on NOD-scid IL2Rγnull mice engrafted with human erythrocytes. In contrast to other P. falciparum mouse models, this system generated very consistent results and evinced a dose-response relationship and therefore represents an unprecedented in vivo model for quantitative comparison of the functional potencies of malaria-specific Abs. Our data suggest a role for CyRPA in erythrocyte invasion by the merozoite. Inhibition of merozoite invasion by CyRPA-specific mAbs in vitro and in vivo renders this protein a promising malaria asexual blood-stage vaccine candidate Ag.

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“…Malaria transmission is sharply defined by rainfall over most of KND, but is higher and perennial within the irrigated sectors and is markedly reduced within the town center of Navrongo. 5,6 Medical care is provided through a district hospital, 9 health centers located in smaller towns, and up to 20 community health compounds where ANC, treatment of minor ailments, and immunizations are provided. Medical care is free for all children less than five years of age and for pregnant and nursing women.…”

Section: Study Site the Kassena Nankana District In The Upper Eastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine–Based Intermittent Preventive Treatment, Bed Net Use, and Antenatal Care during Pregnancy: Demographic Trends and Impact on the Health of Newborns in the Kassena Nankana District, Northeastern Ghana

Oduro¹,

Fryauff²,

Koram³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Demographics and health practices of 2,232 pregnant women in rural northeastern Ghana and characteristics of their 2,279 newborns were analyzed to determine benefits associated with intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp), antenatal care, and/or bed net use during pregnancy. More than half reported bed net use, 90% reported at least two antenatal care visits, and > 82% took at least one IPTp dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Most used a bed net and IPTp (45%) or IPTp alone (38%). Low birth weight (< 2,500 grams) characterized 18.3% of the newborns and was significantly associated with female sex, Nankam ethnicity, first-born status, and multiple births. Among newborns of primigravidae, IPTp was associated with a significantly greater birth weight, significantly fewer low birth weight newborns, improved hemoglobin levels, and less anemia. Babies of multigravidae derived no benefit to birth weight or hemoglobin level from single or multiple doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during pregnancy. No differences or benefits were seen when a bed net was the only protective factor.

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Malaria transmission dynamics at a site in northern Ghana proposed for testing malaria vaccines

Cited by 131 publications

References 15 publications

A Community-Wide Study of Malaria Reduction: Evaluating Efficacy and User-Acceptance of a Low-Cost Repellent in Northern Ghana

A Community-Wide Study of Malaria Reduction: Evaluating Efficacy and User-Acceptance of a Low-Cost Repellent in Northern Ghana

Passive Immunoprotection of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Mice Designates the CyRPA as Candidate Malaria Vaccine Antigen

Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine–Based Intermittent Preventive Treatment, Bed Net Use, and Antenatal Care during Pregnancy: Demographic Trends and Impact on the Health of Newborns in the Kassena Nankana District, Northeastern Ghana

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