Malate as a key carbon source of leaf dark-respired CO<sub>2</sub>across different environmental conditions in potato plants

Lehmann, Marco M.; Rinne, Katja T.; Blessing, Carola H.; Siegwolf, Rolf; Buchmann, Nina; Werner, Roland A.

doi:10.1093/jxb/erv279

Cited by 30 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Severe water stress could lead to a continuous or transitory increase of leaf respiration that could also partly cause a decrease in sucrose concentration [34]. Fresh assimilates in declining trees are more likely used for maintenance and respiration than for storage or biomass production (i.e., growth) [21,30]. Lower transport rates into the phloem under water shortage [15] might function as a metabolic feedback and decrease sucrose synthesis [28].…”

Section: δ 13 C Values and Concentrations Of Carbohydrates And Organimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Citrate may also act as an additional carbon pool (due to reduction of sucrose), supporting maintenance of plant metabolism and respiration [21,29]. However, citrate might also be used as a carbon transport metabolite, which is transported to sinks, such as roots, where it facilitates the transport of nutrients, such as iron [29,38], towards needles.…”

Section: Averaged Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More detailed information can be derived from the individual carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), and sugar alcohols (e.g., pinitol), but also from compounds like organic acids (malate and citrate) that are involved in more "downstream metabolic processes" leading to systematic but varying 13 C-enrichment of sink organs (such as stem) in comparison to leaves [20]. Thus far, there have been few investigations analyzing δ 13 C of individual carbohydrates and organic acids [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, even fewer investigations were applied in natural forest ecosystems to address questions of tree eco-physiology [19,22,23,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids as Indicators of Tree Decline in Mountain Pine

Churakova

Lehmann

Saurer

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:We investigated seasonal variations in δ 13 C values and concentrations of carbohydrates and organic acids in needles of declining and healthy mountain pine (Pinus mugo ssp. uncinata (DC.) Domin) trees from the Swiss National Park (SNP), using compound-specific isotopes analysis (CSIA). Our goal was to study the impact of climatic drivers on the individual compounds and understand the reasons of partial tree declines in relation to healthy mountain pine trees under seasonal weather patterns. We found that temperature is the main climatic driver determining the seasonal carbon dynamics at the needle level. Lower seasonal δ 13 C variability and lower concentration levels of sucrose in needles suggest less photosynthetic activity and sink carbon demand in declining compared to healthy mountain pine trees. Higher concentration levels of hexose (glucose and fructose) can play a reserve function for surviving mechanisms of mountain pine trees. Seasonal patterns of organic acid (malate and citrate) suggest an increasing investment in maintenance and repair mechanisms. The seasonal course of carbohydrates and organic acids can therefore be considered an indicator for a modified carbon metabolism within the leaves and possibly within the other tree tissues, partially explaining the decline of mountain pine trees.

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Section: δ 13 C Values and Concentrations Of Carbohydrates And Organimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Averaged Seasonal Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids as Indicators of Tree Decline in Mountain Pine

Churakova

Lehmann

Saurer

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…Extraction and purification of metabolic fractions was performed according to previous studies (Richter et al 2009;Lehmann et al 2015a). In brief, 43-100 mg of leaf material (depending on harvest biomass) were transferred into a reaction vial and re-suspended in 1.5 ml deionised H 2 O.…”

Section: Extraction Of Respiratory Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of respiration of only the C-3 and C-4 position of glucose, this can theoretically cause a maximum 13 C enrichment of up to 4& (Rossmann et al 1991), suggesting that other mechanisms and substrates must play a role. One potential candidate could be the organic acid malate, which was shown to be an important carbon source of d 13 C R across different environmental conditions and species Lehmann et al 2015a), and to be enriched in 13 C compared to other respiratory substrates in different species (Ghashghaie et al 2001;Lehmann et al 2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel variations in carbon isotopic composition and concentration of organic acids and their impact on plant dark respiration in different species

et al. 2016

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Leaf respiration in the dark and its C isotopic composition (δ(13) CR ) contain information about internal metabolic processes and respiratory substrates. δ(13) CR is known to be less negative compared to potential respiratory substrates, in particular shortly after darkening during light enhanced dark respiration (LEDR). This phenomenon might be driven by respiration of accumulated (13) C-enriched organic acids, however, studies simultaneously measuring δ(13) CR during LEDR and potential respiratory substrates are rare. We determined δ(13) CR and respiration rates (R) during LEDR, as well as δ(13) C and concentrations of potential respiratory substrates using compound-specific isotope analyses. The measurements were conducted throughout the diel cycle in several plant species under different environmental conditions. δ(13) CR and R patterns during LEDR were strongly species-specific and showed an initial peak, which was followed by a progressive decrease in both values. The species-specific differences in δ(13) CR and R during LEDR may be partially explained by the isotopic composition of organic acids (e.g., oxalate, isocitrate, quinate, shikimate, malate), which were (13) C-enriched compared to other respiratory substrates (e.g., sugars and amino acids). However, the diel variations in both δ(13) C and concentrations of the organic acids were generally low. Thus, additional factors such as the heterogeneous isotope distribution in organic acids and the relative contribution of the organic acids to respiration are required to explain the strong (13) C enrichment in leaf dark-respired CO2 .

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Improving the extraction and purification of leaf and phloem sugars for oxygen isotope analyses

Lehmann

Egli

Brinkmann

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The oxygen isotopic composition (here shown as the δ18O value) of soluble sugars in leaves and phloem tissue holds valuable information about plant functions in response to climatic changes. However, δ18O analysis of sugars is prone to error, and thoroughly tested methods are lacking. Methods We performed three experiments to test if sample preparation modifies the δ18O values of sugars. In experiment 1, we tested the effects of oven‐drying versus freeze‐drying, whereas in experiment 2 we focused on the extraction and purification of leaf sugars. In experiment 3, we investigated the exudation and purification of twig phloem sugars as a function of exudation time and different ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) exudation media. Results Freeze‐drying produced more consistent δ18O values than oven‐drying for sucrose but not for phloem sugars. The extraction and purification of leaf sugars can be performed without a significant modification of their δ18O values; yet the purified leaf and phloem sugars possessed higher δ18O values than the fraction of water‐soluble compounds. Moreover, the exudation time significantly modulated the δ18O values of phloem sugars, which is probably related to changes in the sugar composition. The addition of EDTA did not improve the determination of the δ18O values of phloem sugars. Conclusions We show that the sample preparation of plant sugars for the reliable determination of δ18O values requires a strict protocol, which is described in this paper. For phloem sugar, we recommend a maximum exudation time of 1 h to reduce the degradation of sucrose and minimise oxygen isotope exchange reactions between the resulting hexoses and water.

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Malate as a key carbon source of leaf dark-respired CO₂across different environmental conditions in potato plants

Abstract: HighlightCarbon isotope analyses revealed malate as a key carbon source of leaf dark-respired CO2 in potato plants under different temperature and soil moisture conditions during a daily cycle.

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids as Indicators of Tree Decline in Mountain Pine

Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids as Indicators of Tree Decline in Mountain Pine

Diel variations in carbon isotopic composition and concentration of organic acids and their impact on plant dark respiration in different species

Improving the extraction and purification of leaf and phloem sugars for oxygen isotope analyses

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Malate as a key carbon source of leaf dark-respired CO2across different environmental conditions in potato plants

Abstract: HighlightCarbon isotope analyses revealed malate as a key carbon source of leaf dark-respired CO2 in potato plants under different temperature and soil moisture conditions during a daily cycle.

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids as Indicators of Tree Decline in Mountain Pine

Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids as Indicators of Tree Decline in Mountain Pine

Diel variations in carbon isotopic composition and concentration of organic acids and their impact on plant dark respiration in different species

Improving the extraction and purification of leaf and phloem sugars for oxygen isotope analyses

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Malate as a key carbon source of leaf dark-respired CO₂across different environmental conditions in potato plants