Malignant Cells in a Peripheral Blood Smear

Finkel, Gerald C.; Tishkoff, Garson H.

doi:10.1056/nejm196001282620407

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Heterogeneity also exists among CTCs, possibly reflecting the above discussed intra-tumor heterogeneity. Likewise, the existence of both single CTCs, as well as CTC clusters comprising multiple (from few to hundreds) cells, has been well established in the scientific literature [92,93]. Of note, CTC clusters are not exclusively composed of epithelial cancer cells but are often intermingled with immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor stroma, and platelets [94,95,96,97,98].…”

Section: Circulating Tumor Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Heterogeneity and Phenotypic Plasticity in Metastasis Formation: The Case of Colon Cancer

Teeuwssen

Fodde

2019

Cancers

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The adenoma-to-carcinoma progression in colon cancer is driven by a sequential accumulation of genetic alterations at specific tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In contrast, the multistage route from the primary site to metastasis formation is underlined by phenotypic plasticity, i.e., the capacity of disseminated tumor cells to undergo transiently and reversible transformations in order to adapt to the ever-changing environmental contexts. Notwithstanding the considerable body of evidence in support of the role played by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)/mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in metastasis, its rate-limiting function, the detailed underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and the extension of the necessary morphologic and epigenetic changes are still a matter of debate. Rather than leading to a complete epithelial or mesenchymal state, the EMT/MET-program generates migrating cancer cells displaying intermediate phenotypes featuring both epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics. In this review, we will address the role of colon cancer heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity in metastasis formation and the contribution of EMT to these processes. The alleged role of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) in collective and/or single-cell migration during local dissemination at the primary site and more systemic spreading will also be highlighted.

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Section: Circulating Tumor Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Heterogeneity and Phenotypic Plasticity in Metastasis Formation: The Case of Colon Cancer

Teeuwssen

Fodde

2019

Cancers

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“…It seems to be associated with the terminal stages of cancer, a feature also observed in the present case. Circulating tumor cells were first reported in the beginning of the 20 th century, with the term carcinocythemia proposed in 1976 . Carcinocythemia has also been referred as a “leukemia‐like picture” and “carcinoma cell leukemia”.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human medicine, just over 30 cases have been reported since 1960. The primary neoplasias were mainly cancers of the breast (13 cases), then small cell lung (8), colorectal (2), Merkel cell (2), transitional cell carcinoma (1), and a carcinoma of undetermined origin (1). Moreover, 2 cases involving melanoma and 2 cases involving rhabdomyosarcoma were reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinocythemia: First report in a cat and literature review

Lemos¹,

Carvalho²,

Costa

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 6-year-old female neutered European Shorthair cat was presented with a 2-day history of lethargy and hyporexia. On physical examination, the cat was slightly depressed and had a 2.5 cm nodule in the left 3 mammary gland. The hemogram revealed mild leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia and moderate thrombocytopenia. On blood smear evaluation, rare pleomorphic cells, possibly of epithelial origin, were observed mainly at the feathered edge. The animal died about 12 hours after presentation, and a necropsy was performed. On histopathology, the mammary nodule was diagnosed as a tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma with vascular invasion and widespread metastases. Immunocytochemical tests for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) confirmed the epithelial phenotype of the neoplastic cells observed on the blood smear. The present report describes a feline mammary carcinoma with widespread metastases and the presence of malignant epithelial cells in the peripheral blood referred to as carcinocythemia. This condition has been previously described in people and dogs. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of feline carcinocythemia. As in other species, the phenomenon was associated with a terminal phase of systemic malignancy.

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“…She had been diagnosed with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma, the cancer most frequently associated with circulating tumor cells. 1,3,37,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] The patient also had involvement of the reticuloendothelial system. 1,3,37,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] The carcinoma cells detected in peripheral blood followed the Goldblatt criteria (Figures 1 and 2) and had positive cytokeratin and negative CD45 staining (Figure 3).…”

Section: Rodríguez-salas Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%