Malignant glomus tumor with oncocytic features: an unusual presentation of dysphagia

Abstract

Glomus tumors in the gastrointestinal tract are unusual, as the previous series in the literature have been mainly limited to the stomach. Less than 10 cases of esophageal glomus tumors have been described in the literature. Oncocytic glomus tumors are a recently identified, rare variant of the glomus tumor. We report a 47-year-old female who presented with an approximately 3-month history of dysphagia and weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a black-purple, hypervascular, protruding lesion measuring approximately 65 mm at the 37th cm of the esophagus. The patient underwent an Ivor Lewis operation via open thoracotomy. The resected specimen had a protuberant, ulcerated mass measuring 80 × 35 mm in the posterior wall of the esophagus. Based on the histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscope findings, the final diagnosis was a malignant glomus tumor with oncocytic features. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a malignant glomus tumor with oncocytic features in an esophageal location.

Minimally invasive resection of a glomus tumor of the thoracic spine: a case report and literature review

“…However, some reports described malignant GTs. 8–11 Folpe et al. 9 studied 52 unusual GTs that were considered atypical or malignant and statistically analyzed the risk factors for such GTs.…”

The Spheroid Smarting- Glomus Tumour

“…CD34 immune staining highlights the vascular component. Ki-67 proliferation index is discernible in approximately 2% neoplasms and is usually beneath <5% [6,7]. Glomus tumour demonstrates a comprehensive immune reactivity to vimentin (100%), smooth muscle actin (99%), muscle specific actin (95%), h-caldesmon (87%), calponin 80% with a typically focal immune reaction to CD34 (32 to 53%).…”

“…Glomus tumour demonstrates a comprehensive immune reactivity to vimentin (100%), smooth muscle actin (99%), muscle specific actin (95%), h-caldesmon (87%), calponin 80% with a typically focal immune reaction to CD34 (32 to 53%). Collagen type IV and pericellular laminin (91%) are immune reactive [6,7]. Glomus tumour is immune non-reactive to cytokeratin, CD31, S100 protein, CD68, CD57, Human Melanoma Black antigen 45(HMB-45), CD117, desmin, chromogranin, synaptophysin, CD20, CD45 and Wilms' tumour gene 1(WT1).…”

“…Cellular spectrum of aforesaid neoplasia is identical to histological and immune histochemical parameters of glomus tumour, especially in foci with prominent spindle cell differentiation. Benign adnexal neoplasia such as nodular hidradenoma or eccrine spiradenoma demonstrate varied foci of epithelial or sebaceous differentiation, immune reactivity to keratin and immune non reactivity to Smooth Muscle Antigen (SMA) [7,8]. Paraganglioma demonstrates a growth pattern with significant configurations of zellballen composed of sustantecular cells immune reactive to S100 protein along with immune reactive synaptophysin and chromogranin.…”

The role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic resection for gastric glomus: A case series and literature review

“…[10,[35][36][37][38][39] Glomus tumors are mesenchymal tumors with malignant potential. [40][41][42] Although most of glomus tumor of stomach are benign, some malignant cases have been reported. [3][4][5]43] In our study, there were two patients diagnosed with glomus tumor with uncertain malignant potential.…”