Mammogram synthesis using a 3D simulation. I. Breast tissue model and image acquisition simulation

Abstract

A method is proposed for generating synthetic mammograms based upon simulations of breast tissue and the mammographic imaging process. A computer breast model has been designed with a realistic distribution of large and medium scale tissue structures. Parameters controlling the size and placement of simulated structures (adipose compartments and ducts) provide a method for consistently modeling images of the same simulated breast with modified position or acquisition parameters. The mammographic imaging process is simulated using a compression model and a model of the x-ray image acquisition process. The compression model estimates breast deformation using tissue elasticity parameters found in the literature and clinical force values. The synthetic mammograms were generated by a mammogram acquisition model using a monoenergetic parallel beam approximation applied to the synthetically compressed breast phantom.

Optimization of Breast Tomosynthesis Imaging Systems for Computer-Aided Detection

“…With the advent of three-dimensional imaging modalities and the decreasing cost of computer memory, it has become essential and feasible to create these multi-gigabyte arrays for the purpose of mimicking tissue in simulation studies. Many groups are working on creating breast phantoms, including ones based on mastectomy specimens [13], breast CT images [14], and entirely computer-generated models [15][16][17][18][19].…”

Método baseado em médias não-locais para filtragem do ruído quântico de imagens mamográficas digitais adquiridas com dose de radiação reduzida

“…Banco I: composto de imagens mamográficas sintéticas obtidas com um simulador (phantom) antropomórfico mamário desenvolvida na Universidade da Pensilvânia (BAKIC et al 2002(BAKIC et al , 2003(BAKIC et al , 2011(BAKIC et al , 2014 …”

“…Os parâmetros de simulação podem ser selecionados para cobrir a amplitude das variações na anatomia da mama observadas clinicamente (BAKIC et al 2002(BAKIC et al , 2003(BAKIC et al , 2011(BAKIC et al , 2014 Essas imagens mamográficas (de tamanho de 4096 3584 pixels) foram adquiridas com dosagem equivalente à 100%, 85%, 70% e 50% da dose padrão de radiação, sendo que para cada dose foi adquirida 5 imagens. Assim, foram geradas um total de 20 imagens mamográficas sintéticas mais uma imagem referência, sem ruído, para realização das medidas objetivas da qualidade de imagem (Groundtruth).…”

A new approach for the in-vivo characterization of the biomechanical behavior of the breast and the cornea

“…Software phantoms can be used to create large data-sets of synthetic images with known ground truth about the simulated anatomy. They also offer flexibility to cover anatomical variations in the shape, size, and tissue distribution [Bakic et al, 2002].…”

“…The work by Bakic et al, 2002 presented a methodology for generating a computer breast model with realistic internal tissue distribution, including fat tissue, glandular tissue, Cooper's ligaments, and skin (Figure 4.9). These phantoms have been used in various clinical breast imaging modalities including digital mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis [Bakic et al, 2010;Vieira et al, 2013;Young et al, 2013], ultrasound tomography [Yang et al, 2012], and magnetic resonance [Nishikawa et al, 2011].…”