Management influence on maize–wheat system performance, water productivity and soil biology

Jat, H.S.; Singh, Gurbachan; Singh, Ranbir; Choudhary, Madhu; Jat, M.L.; Gathala, M.K.; Sharma, Dinesh Kumar

doi:10.1111/sum.12208

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This was mainly due to less irrigation water used (Table 2 ) coupled with higher grain yields of rice, maize, and wheat (Table 1 ). Similar results of higher WP I in CA-based RW and MW systems in the IGP of India were recorded by many researchers 21 , 23 , 34 , 40 . Higher values of WP I in the MW system on PBs compared to flat planting were also reported by Jat et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The lower irrigation water use in rice under Sc2 and Sc3 was mainly due to avoidance of puddling which requires water equivalents to 3-4 irrigations and in combination with crop residues retention that probably minimized the evaporation loss from the soil surface. Application of water in maize was lowest with PBs due to lower water requirement and increased application efficiency 23,36,40 . In case of wheat, PBs reduced irrigation water by ~ 12% (4-years' mean) compared to Sc1 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing profitable, resource use efficient and environmentally sound cereal based systems for the Western Indo-Gangetic plains

Jat

Kumar

Datta

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In the western Indo-Gangetic plains, issues of deterioration in soil, water, and environment quality coupled with low profitability jeopardize the sustainability of the dominant rice–wheat (RW) system. To address these issues, crop diversification and conservation agriculture (CA)-based management hold considerable promise but the adoption of both approaches has been low, and additional evidence generation from a multi-criteria productivity and sustainability perspective is likely required to help drive the change. Compared to prevailing farmers’ practice (FP), results suggest that CA-based rice management increased profitability by 13% and energy use efficiency (EUE) by 21% while reducing irrigation by 19% and global warming potential (GWP) by 28%. By substituting CA-based maize for rice, similar mean profitability gains were realized (16%) but transformative improvements in irrigation (− 84%), EUE (+ 231%), and GWP (− 95%) were observed compared to FP. Inclusion of mungbean in the rotation (i.e. maize-wheat-mungbean) with CA-based management increased the system productivity, profitability, and EUE by 11, 25 and 103%, respectively while decreasing irrigation water use by 64% and GWP by 106% compared to FP. Despite considerable benefits from the CA-based maize-wheat system, adoption of maize is not widespread due to uneven market demand and assured price guarantees for rice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing profitable, resource use efficient and environmentally sound cereal based systems for the Western Indo-Gangetic plains

Jat

Kumar

Datta

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…For example, promoting soil carbon conservation (e.g., reduced tillage) can improve the water retention capacity of soils. Jat et al () found that improved tillage practices and residue incorporation increased water‐use efficiency by 30%, rice–wheat yields by 5%–37%, income by 28%–40%, and reduced GHG emissions by 16%–25%. While irrigated agriculture accounts for only 20% of the total cultivated land, the energy consumption from groundwater irrigation is significant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which practices co‐deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?

Smith

Calvin

Nkem

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

233

137

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There is a clear need for transformative change in the land management and food production sectors to address the global land challenges of climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, combatting land degradation and desertification, and delivering food security (referred to hereafter as “land challenges”). We assess the potential for 40 practices to address these land challenges and find that: Nine options deliver medium to large benefits for all four land challenges. A further two options have no global estimates for adaptation, but have medium to large benefits for all other land challenges. Five options have large mitigation potential (>3 Gt CO2eq/year) without adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Five options have moderate mitigation potential, with no adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Sixteen practices have large adaptation potential (>25 million people benefit), without adverse side effects on other land challenges. Most practices can be applied without competing for available land. However, seven options could result in competition for land. A large number of practices do not require dedicated land, including several land management options, all value chain options, and all risk management options. Four options could greatly increase competition for land if applied at a large scale, though the impact is scale and context specific, highlighting the need for safeguards to ensure that expansion of land for mitigation does not impact natural systems and food security. A number of practices, such as increased food productivity, dietary change and reduced food loss and waste, can reduce demand for land conversion, thereby potentially freeing‐up land and creating opportunities for enhanced implementation of other practices, making them important components of portfolios of practices to address the combined land challenges.

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“…In full CA-based scenarios (Sc.III and Sc.IV), lower pH was observed which attributed to more accumulation of organic matter in the upper surface layer (0-15 cm) under (Jat et al 2015;Choudhary et al 2018a, b) which results in improved OC and N content in soil. Similar findings of increased SOC and N were also reported by other researchers (Jat et al 2017;Mu et al 2016).…”

Section: Soil Chemical Parameters In Different Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 92%

Soil bacterial diversity under conservation agriculture-based cereal systems in Indo-Gangetic Plains

et al. 2018

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In Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) of India, natural resources (soil, water, and environment) are degrading under the conventional-till (CT)-based management practices in rice-wheat cropping system. A long-term field experiment was conducted to understand the soil bacterial diversity and abundance under different sets of management scenarios (Sc). The study comprised of four scenarios, namely, -Sc.I CT-based rice-wheat system (farmers' practice); Sc.II, partial conservation agriculture (CA) based in which rice is under CT-wheat and mungbean under zero-tillage (ZT); Sc.III, full CA-based in which rice-wheat-mungbean are under ZT and Sc.IV, where maize-wheat-mungbean are under ZT. These scenarios varied in cropping system, tillage, and crop residue management practices. Using Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology, the variable regions V3-V4 of 16S rRNA were sequenced and the obtained reads were analyzed to study the diversity patterns in the scenarios. Results showed the presence of 53 bacterial phyla across scenarios. The predominant phyla in all scenarios were , and which accounted for more than 70% of the identified phyla. However, the rice-based systems (Sc.I, Sc.II, and Sc.III) were dominated by phylum however, maize-based system (Sc.IV) was dominated by. The class and of and of were exceptionally higher in Sc.IV. Shannon diversity index was 8.8% higher in Sc.I, 7.5% in Sc.II, and 2.7% in Sc.III comparedto Sc.IV. The findings revealed that soil bacterial diversity and abundance are influenced by agricultural management practices as bacterial diversity under full CA-based management systems (Sc.III and Sc.IV) was lower when compared to farmer's practice (Sc.I) and partial CA (Sc.II) scenarios.

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Management influence on maize–wheat system performance, water productivity and soil biology

Cited by 58 publications

References 28 publications

Designing profitable, resource use efficient and environmentally sound cereal based systems for the Western Indo-Gangetic plains

Designing profitable, resource use efficient and environmentally sound cereal based systems for the Western Indo-Gangetic plains

Which practices co‐deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?

Soil bacterial diversity under conservation agriculture-based cereal systems in Indo-Gangetic Plains

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