Aiming at the problems in the social governance structure level under the management mode of the Internet of Things, this paper designs a network agent based on the idea of service grid construction that has the functions of service resource configuration discovery, load balancing, and protocol conversion. Using it as a service governance infrastructure reduces the coupling between business services and service governance, and the network agent will intercept the service call traffic within the platform to achieve cross-protocol and cross-frame service communication. Through the proposed global query decomposition strategy and algorithm, a global query mapping is realized, which solves the problem of global query decomposition based on the global data model. We designed the unified management mechanism of two commonly used IoT databases based on XML. This process involves the realization of heterogeneous Internet of Things database resource configuration, data mode conversion, and global query mapping. Among them, in the process of data schema conversion, the conflict of the data in the schema mapping is resolved, the XML Schema is generated, the schema mapping metadata is established, and the XML document of the data is generated. We build a framework for optimal allocation of cloud computing resources based on load forecasting and propose an adaptive elastic control system for resource allocation based on resource status monitoring and demand forecasting. In view of the low resource utilization problem caused by the resource management mode of single virtual machine serving single user adopted by Internet of Things service providers, this paper constructs a new public cloud architecture with a five-layer structure. On the basis of this architecture, an adaptive configuration mode of virtualized resources based on a single virtual machine serving multiple users is proposed. This mode can automatically search for optimal virtualization resources for application resource requests made by different users and run different applications on the same virtual machine without affecting the quality of service, so that IoT providers can guarantee services. At the same time, it improves the utilization efficiency of IoT resources and reduces energy consumption.