Managing Cough as a Defense Mechanism and as a Symptom

Irwin, Richard S.; Boulet, Louis-Philipe; Cloutier, Michelle M.; Fuller, Richard W.; Gold, Philip M.; Hoffstein, V.; Ing, Alvin; McCool, F. Dennis; O’Byrne, Paul M.; Poe, Robert H.; Prakash, Udaya B. S.; Pratter, Melvin R.; Rubin, Bruce K.

doi:10.1378/chest.114.2_supplement.133s

Cited by 559 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 230 publications

(298 reference statements)

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“…Cough is one of the most common symptoms for which patients seek medical attention from primary care physicians and pulmonologists [1]. These studies were carried out for the design, development and phytochemical evaluation of a poly herbal formulation named as Linkus syrup.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Development and Phytochemical Evaluation of a Poly Herbal Formulation Linkus Syrup

Sheikh¹,

Zahoor²,

Khan³

et al. 2014

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The present work has been carried out on polyherbal formulation named as Linkus Syrup. The herbal formulation consists of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hyssopus officinalis, Piper longum and Alpinia galangal. The Linkus syrup physico-chemical evaluation such as pH, density, identification of polysaccharide, tanning agents, ascorbic acid and shelf life was complied. The TLC and quantitative determination of alkaloid were quantified. Determination of biomarker has been validated for the analysis of vasicine. The study result revealed that Linkus syrup formulation was well standardized at different levels such as physic-chemical consistency and assay of bio marker compound.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Development and Phytochemical Evaluation of a Poly Herbal Formulation Linkus Syrup

Sheikh¹,

Zahoor²,

Khan³

et al. 2014

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“…18,31,[34][35][36] Such trials are particularly useful in young children when spirometry is not available. However, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend diagnostic trials systematically: responsiveness is not specific for asthma.…”

Section: Suspicion Of Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged cough in children: a summary of the Belgian primary care clinical guideline

Leconte

Paulus

Degryse

2008

Primary Care Respiratory Journal

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SummaryProlonged cough is a frequent problem in the community. Several studies in the school setting have found that as many as 4.8% to 10.4% of children suffer from prolonged cough.There is no consensual definition of prolonged cough. In this guideline, we define prolonged cough as a daily cough lasting for more than three weeks. The literature review did not identify any quality study on the aetiology of prolonged cough in children in primary care. A diagnostic decision-tree based on the systematic literature review and expert opinion is proposed. Doctors should seek signs of any serious underlying condition. Chronic productive purulent cough should always be investigated. A careful evaluation of the impact of cough on the quality of life of the child is necessary. In absence of signs of specific underlying illness, coughing is generally a self-limiting condition. Symptomatic treatments have not yet been proven to be effective, and many of them may cause serious side effects. Their use should therefore be limited.

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“…Irwin et al (1998) reported a consensus panel report of the American College of Chest Physicians, "Managing Cough as a Defense Mechanism and as a Symptom" and did not identify any age-related changes in cough reflex. However suppression of cough reflex by anesthesia, sedative hypnotics, or analgesic narcotics should be considered to be a major risk for aspiration pneumonia in older patients, especially during sleep (Huxley et al 1978).…”

Section: Avoidance Of Neurolepticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Strategies for Aspiration Pneumonia in Elderly Disabled Persons

Ohrui

2005

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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OHRUI, T. Preventive Strategies for Aspiration Pneumonia in Elderly Disabled Persons. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 2005, 207 (1), [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Pneumonia is the fourth leading cause of death despite the availability of potent new antimicrobials in Japan. Aspiration of oropharyngeal bacterial pathogens to the lower respiratory tract is one of the most important risk factors for pneumonia. Impairments in swallowing and cough reflexes among disabled older persons, e.g., related to cerebrovascular disease, increase the risk of pneumonia. Thus, strategies to reduce the volumes and pathogenicity of aspirated material should be pursued. Since both swallowing and cough reflexes are mediated by endogenous substance P contained in the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves, pharmacologic therapy using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which decrease substance P catabolism, can improve both reflexes and result in the lowering of the risk of pneumonia. Similarly, since the production of substance P is regulated by dopaminergic neurons in the cerebral basal ganglia, treatment with dopamine analogs or potentiating drugs such as amantadine can reduce the incidence of pneumonia. Furthermore, since mortality from infections correlates with cutaneous anergy, interventions that reverse these age-associated changes in the immune system are also effective. The main theme of this review is to discuss how pneumonia develops in disabled older people and to suggest preventive strategies that may reduce the incidence of pneumonia among these subjects. pneumonia; disabled older persons; silent aspiration; dopamine; substance P

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Managing Cough as a Defense Mechanism and as a Symptom

Cited by 559 publications

References 230 publications

Design, Development and Phytochemical Evaluation of a Poly Herbal Formulation Linkus Syrup

Design, Development and Phytochemical Evaluation of a Poly Herbal Formulation Linkus Syrup

Prolonged cough in children: a summary of the Belgian primary care clinical guideline

Preventive Strategies for Aspiration Pneumonia in Elderly Disabled Persons

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