Managing Emergency Situations in the Smart City: The Smart Signal

Abstract

In a city there are numerous items, many of them unnoticed but essential; this is the case of the signals. Signals are considered objects with reduced technological interest, but in this paper we prove that making them smart and integrating in the IoT (Internet of Things) could be a relevant contribution to the Smart City. This paper presents the concept of Smart Signal, as a device conscious of its context, with communication skills, able to offer the best message to the user, and as a ubiquitous element that contributes with information to the city. We present the design considerations and a real implementation and validation of the system in one of the most challenging environments that may exist in a city: a tunnel. The main advantages of the Smart Signal are the improvement of the actual functionality of the signal providing new interaction capabilities with users and a new sensory mechanism of the Smart City.

SAM-SoS: A Stochastic Software Architecture Modeling and Verification Approach for Complex System-of-Systems

“…It is a part of a smart city project that allows various departments and entities to collaborate, particularly when dealing with emergency situations. The emergency system is inspired by smart city projects to manage disaster situations by encompassing modern IoT and CPS technologies [62], [63] as CPSoS (consisting of various IoT-based CPS nodes and third party independent CSs). emergency response SoS, in collaboration with remotely distributed software-intensive systems, deals specifically with sudden fire eruptions in urban and rural areas with continuous monitoring.…”

An Embedded Wireless Sensor Network with Wireless Power Transmission Capability for the Structural Health Monitoring of Reinforced Concrete Structures

“…This value represents only 1% of the battery self-discharge rate (8–10% capacity/month, i.e., 277.5 mWh/week). In a long-term monitoring configuration, the expected operating cycle can be calculated by making an acceptable approximation in considering the electric consumptions as zero and concerning only the battery shelf life [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Energy-Efficient Transmissions for Remote Wireless Sensor Networks: An Integrated HAP/Satellite Architecture for Emergency Scenarios

“…He concluded that the HAP network architecture could be fitted with telecommunications equipment and used to support these critical communications missions when a catastrophic event occurred. Asensio et al [ 14 ] presented a smart emergency signaling system architecture for tunnels and large infrastructures in smart city scenarios, which significantly improves the actual functionality of the signal. Aranti et al [ 15 ] investigated how the HAP network architecture effectively supports multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) in a scenario where the existing terrestrial network infrastructure is not available.…”

“…Lin et al [ 16 ] described the design and implementation of a proof-of-concept prototype, named the active disaster response system (ADRS), which automatically performs emergency tasks when an earthquake happens. In [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], the authors provide a number of different architectures for emergency networks. However, there are quite a few works in the literature that emphasize the IHS architecture’s suitability for emergency communications.…”