“…Further, the focus on knowledge, production, and transdisciplinarity is the way forward to motivate BE professionals and researchers to invest their time and efforts into digital disruptions. Among the relevant studies presenting CFs in the BE, these have been used for modeling safe walking and cycling routes [30], untangling the concept of urban ecosystem services [31], risk management in sustainable smart cities [19], evaluating heritage protection policies and disputes [32], modeling and implementing smart universities [33], six-sigma-based smart city management [18], blockchain smart contracts for real estate deals [7], UAV-based advertisements, and others [15].…”