“…Type (4) orchards, which displayed higher intensification levels with a less diversified set of trees (Grechi et al, 2013), had the lowest ant diversity and richness. On the other hand, type (3) orchards, with the greatest tree richness, planting densities and variation in local planting density (Grechi et al, 2013), had the greatest ant diversity and richness. These results confirm previous studies showing the frequent increase in ant diversity and richness observed in heterogeneous landscapes Fig.…”