Manifestações audiológicas em crianças e adultos com AIDS

Abstract

children and adults with AIDS present alterations in audiological assessment and Auditory Brainstem Response. This suggests the involvement of peripheral and central auditory pathways. Findings of the present study emphasize the effectiveness of using electrophysiological hearing measures in order to better identify the brain injury level in patients with AIDS, besides allowing the monitoring of the development rate of the disease.

Estudo da função auditiva em indivíduos com HIV/AIDS submetidos e não submetidos à terapia antirretroviral

“…These findings confirm different studies in the literature that have shown the presence of significant impairment in HFA (9,21,26) . In a study that assessed 25 subjects with HIV, it was found that 88% of the cases had abnormal HFA results (21) .…”

“…In the present study, the authors have noticed higher occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss compared to conductive loss in the CPTA, demonstrating the inner ear impairment in this population. The obtained results confirmed one study in which the author, to characterize the results of audiologic assessment in children and adults with HIV/AIDS, observed higher occurrence of conductive hearing loss in children (92.9% of the cases), whereas in the adult population there was higher occurrence of sensorineural hearing loss (44.4% of the cases) (26) . Upon comparing the subjects with HIV/AIDS submitted and not submitted to antiretroviral therapy, the data observed in the present study showed that there were no differences in occurrence of hearing loss in these two groups, confirming the results of some specific studies in the area (14,19,20) , and disagreeing with other studies that correlated the use of antiretroviral medication with higher occurrence of hearing impairment (5,9,(15)(16)(17)(18)21) .…”

“…Considering the data found in the present study, we could observe that sensorineural hearing loss was associated with the presence of HIV virus and its adverse effects in the infected subject, in agreement with other studies published in the literature (10)(11)(12)14,24,25) . The results of the present study are in disagreement with some other studies that have observed patients submitted or not to antiretroviral treatment and found higher occurrence of conductive hearing loss in the group submitted to treatment (30.8%) when compared to the group without treatment (20%), Chi-square test for homogeneity (p<0.001) Groups were assessed together, except for Control Group, whose results were normal for CPTA and HFA Note: CPTA = Conventional Pure Tone Audiometry; HFA = High Frequency Audiometry; RGI = Research Group I; RGII = Research Group II whose finding was justified by the fact that those who take medication are normally subjects with longer duration of infection and more marked immunosuppression (26) . HFA is a test that has shown great potential for hearing loss early detection because the basal cochlear region, where the hair cells can be found, is the first to be affected by auditory abnormalities caused by endogenous and exogenous factors, enabling the anticipation of potential CPTA affections (27,28) .…”

Avaliação da saúde auditiva em crianças com HIV/AIDS

“…Another study (7) reports a higher prevalence of hearing loss (59.4%) in children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS, in addition to alterations in the central auditory pathways (5,6) . As hearing loss increases in severity, vocabulary, phonological awareness, auditory discrimination, and school achievement declines, and the incidence of articulation difficulties, changes, and omissions increases (10) .…”

“…Studies (3)(4)(5)(6)(7) suggest that children with HIV are especially vulnerable to hearing disorders. Hearing loss hampers or destroys oral communication, which has direct repercussions on the social and family environments.…”