Manure and Wastewater Management for Cattle Feedlots

Sweeten, John M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1156-3_3

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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Section: Abstract: Center Pivot-erosion-infiltration-nutrient Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composting of dairy manure kills weed seeds, reduces weight and volume, increases product uniformity, and facilitates field application (Sweeten 2000;Richard 2005). Composting of dairy manure decreases the manure's carbon (C) to N (C:N) ratio and concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4 -N) and total C while increasing the electrical conductivity (EC) and concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N), FeO P (bio-available P), and TP, in general (Eghball et al 1997;Larney et al 2006).…”

Section: Abstract: Center Pivot-erosion-infiltration-nutrient Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studying the same soil as the current investigation, Turner et al (2004) (C) to N (C:N) ratio and concentrations of ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4 -N) and total C while increasing the electrical conductivity (EC) and concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N), FeO P (bio-available P), and TP, in general (Eghball et al 1997;Larney et al 2006). Composted dairy manure is often available for application to land used to produce high-value crops in irrigated areas (Sweeten 2000;Lehrsch and Kincaid 2007).A greater understanding of manure and compost effects on the quality of sprinkler irrigation runoff from treated areas is increasingly important because of the expanding moving-lateral-irrigated land area. Only a few studies have compared the runoff quality from soils treated with manure and composted manure (hereafter simply termed compost) (Eghball and Gilley 1999; Qu et al 1999;Miller et al 2006).…”

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Nutrient loads and sediment losses in sprinkler irrigation runoff affected by compost and manure

Lehrsch¹,

Lentz²,

Westermann³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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High water application rates beneath the outer spans of center pivot sprinkler systems can cause runoff, erosion, and nutrient losses, particularly from sloping fields. This field study determined runoff, sediment losses, and nutrient loads (dissolved organic carbon [C], nitrate-nitrogen [NO 3 -N], ammonium-nitrogen [NH 4 -N], total phosphorus [TP], ferric-oxide strip phosphorus [FeO P], dissolved reactive phosphorus [DRP], potassium [K], calcium [Ca], magnesium [Mg], and sodium [Na]) in sprinkler runoff for two years after a single application of either stockpiled or composted dairy manure. We studied five treatments, including a nonamended control, in each of six blocks, with each block situated under a different span of a low-pressure, moving-lateral sprinkler system. In October of 1999, we incorporated 29.1 Mg ha -1 (13 tn ac Additional nonmonitored irrigations were made as needed to produce corn (Zea mays L.) silage each year. At 15 to 30 minute intervals after runoff began, we measured runoff rates and collected runoff samples to determine sediment and constituent losses for each monitored irrigation. None of the amendment treatments significantly affected runoff, sediment losses, or loads of dissolved organic C, NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, TP, FeO P, or Mg when averaged across irrigations. Without exception, runoff, sediment losses, and loads of every measured constituent varied among irrigations after accounting for differences in water applied. Treatments influenced DRP, K, and Ca runoff loads. Loads of Ca decreased, but Na increased with increasing manure application rates. Relative to the control, manure DRP loads were five to six times greater, whereas compost DRP loads were similar. Key words: center pivot-erosion-infiltration-nutrient losses-runoff-sprinkler irrigationSprinkler irrigation predominantly with center pivots is a common and rapidly expanding practice in the irrigated West. In 2008, nearly three-fourths of the irrigated land in the Pacific Northwest was irrigated with sprinklers (NASS 2010). More than 97% of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) growers in Idaho use sprinklers to irrigate their crops (Pehrson et al. 2010). Irrigation with moving-lateral systems, including center pivots, is growing worldwide. Moving-lateral systems are commonly replacing surface irrigation systems in the irrigated western United States. In more humid areas of the United States and the world, moving-lateral systems are being installed and used to supplement rainfall at critical crop growth stages or during times of drought (Frank 2001).As sprinkler-irrigated land area increases, concern arises over the transport of nutrients in runoff-particularly from beneath pivot outer spans-to nearby water courses (Alva et al. 2005;Lentz and Lehrsch 2010;Wilcock et al. 2011). Nitrogen (N) and P are important constituents of sediment and organic matter transported offsite in irrigation runoff (Heathwaite and Johnes 1996). As such, the N and P cause or accentuate eutrophication of surface waters (Correll 1998). One must r...

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Section: Abstract: Center Pivot-erosion-infiltration-nutrient Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Abstract: Center Pivot-erosion-infiltration-nutrient Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrient loads and sediment losses in sprinkler irrigation runoff affected by compost and manure

Lehrsch¹,

Lentz²,

Westermann³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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“…In the U.S. alone, cattle feedlots generate an estimated 18 million metric tons of nutrientrich manure per year (Sweeten 2000), which affects runoff water quality. On average, an adult cow excretes 55 kg N and 18 kg P per year (Goolsby et al 1999), although these nutrient amounts can vary significantly (e.g., Davis et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and consequence of nutrients at an abandoned feedlot, Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota, USA

Gerla

Gbolo

2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Old, abandoned feedlots may serve as a source of nutrients that can degrade groundwater and downstream water quality. We characterized the distribution and concentration of nutrients at the Crookston Cattle Company feedlot (northwest Minnesota, USA), 15 years after it ended operations in 1999. O in groundwater nitrate ranging up to +44 and +30‰, respectively, suggest denitrification as the cause, rather than either nitrate transport from the site or dilution. Phosphorus, with soil B-horizon concentrations as much as 112 and averaging 24 mg/kg, is sequestered by carbonate-rich glacial sediments and, serendipitously, an iron-rich sand deposit formed millennia ago by wave action along the shore of glacial Lake Agassiz. Map analysis indicates roughly 20,000 kg of P in excess of background concentration remains in soil at the 15 ha site. Evidence suggests that the former feedlot has not affected water quality significantly in an agricultural ditch that drains the feedlot and its vicinity. Rather than originating from the feedlot, small increases of total phosphorus observed in the downstream ditch likely result from release of phosphorus from nearby recently restored wetlands. More consequential than elevated nutrient concentrations to the future reclamation of this and similar sites is the persistence of robust non-native species. Our results suggest that before development, feedlot sites should be evaluated for their phosphorus sequestration and denitrification potential, thus mitigating the potential for later off-site transport of nutrients.

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“…The cattle waste history from excretion to collection is shown in figure 1.2 and a sample calculation of the total annual manure generation is given in appendix 4. Each of these feeder cattle, feeder steers, or heifers produces about 28.12 kg (62 lb) of wet manure per day containing 88 % moisture and 12 % solids (Sweeten, 1979). The waste production is estimated as dry tons per year: 6 million dry tons per year for Texas Panhandle area and 75 million dry tons for USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Firing Coal: Feedlot and Litter Biomass (Cfb and Clb) Fuels in Pulverized Fuel and Fixed Bed Burners

Annamalai¹,

Sweeten²,

Mukhtar³

et al. 2003

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Intensive animal feeding operations create large amounts of animal waste that must be safely disposed of in order to avoid environmental degradation. Cattle feedlots and chicken houses are two examples. In feedlots, cattle are confined to small pens and fed a high calorie grain-diet diet in preparation for slaughter. In chicken houses, thousands of chickens are kept in close proximity. In both of these operations, millions of tons of manure are produced every year. The manure could be used as a fuel by mixing it with coal in a 90:10 blend and firing it in an existing coal suspension fired combustion systems. This technique is known as co-firing, and the high temperatures produced by the coal will allow the biomass to be completely combusted. Reburn is a process where a small percentage of fuel called reburn fuel is injected above the NO x producing, conventional coal fired burners in order to reduce NO x . The manure could also be used as reburn fuel for reducing NO x in coal fired plants. An alternate approach of using animal waste is to adopt the gasification process using a fixed bed gasifier and then use the gases for firing in gas turbine combustors. In this report, the cattle manure is referred to as feedlot biomass (FB) and chicken manure as litter biomass (LB). The report generates data on FB and LB fuel characteristics. Co-firing, reburn, and gasification tests of coal, FB, LB, coal: FB blends, and coal: LB blends and modeling on cofiring, reburn systems and economics of use of FB and LB have also been conducted. The biomass fuels are higher in ash, lower in heat content, higher in moisture, and higher in nitrogen and sulfur (which can cause air pollution) compared to coal. Small-scale cofiring experiments revealed that the biomass blends can be successfully fired, and NO x emissions will be similar to or lower than pollutant emissions when firing coal. Further experiments showed that biomass is twice or more effective than coal when used in a reburning process. Computer simulations for coal: LB blends were performed by modifying an existing computer code to include the drying and phosphorus (P) oxidation models. The gasification studies revealed that there is bed agglomeration in the case of chicken litter biomass due to its higher alkaline oxide content in the ash. Finally, the results of the economic analysis show that considerable fuel cost savings can be achieved with the use of biomass. In the case of higher ash and moisture biomass, the fuel cost savings is reduced.

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Manure and Wastewater Management for Cattle Feedlots

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Nutrient loads and sediment losses in sprinkler irrigation runoff affected by compost and manure

Nutrient loads and sediment losses in sprinkler irrigation runoff affected by compost and manure

Fate and consequence of nutrients at an abandoned feedlot, Glacial Ridge National Wildlife Refuge, Minnesota, USA

Co-Firing Coal: Feedlot and Litter Biomass (Cfb and Clb) Fuels in Pulverized Fuel and Fixed Bed Burners

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