Mapping a ecological balance of the Baikal region by individual land categories

Abstract

The article discusses the main methods of assessing the ecological balance of the territories of the Baikal region through a system of quantitative estimates and expert characteristics of the studied processes on the basis of statistical data. The ecological balance of the Baikal Natural Territory as a balanced ratio of natural and modified geo-systems depends on the integrity of the natural frame of the region. The natural framework consists directly of the oz ecosystem. Baikal, the hydrographic network of the lake basin, the natural mountain-taiga and other ecologically significant geosystems that form the natural infrastructure of the region, inextricably linked to the socio-economic infrastructure (socio-economic framework) consisting of a network of human settlements and infrastructure. Natural geosystems, which form the natural framework, are also a special resource for ecological stability (balanced). The electronic map layers of the «Environmental Atlas of the Baikal Region» were used as basic cartographic materials. An inventory was carried out and a database of spatial and non-spatial data on the main indicators of the ecological stability of the territory (natural security, territorial tension and anthropogenic load) was compiled. Attribute data is represented in the form of a set of MapInfo tables with which it is easy to carry out re-structuring operations (changing the structure and composition of tables) data and SQL-queries. Spatial data are presented as a vector topological data model. For the study of the ecological condition of the land of the region, the analysis of land cadastre data reflecting the current state of industrial, forestry, agriculture and other impacts on natural and natural anthropogenic geosystems was carried out. The land of the Baikal region, which is subject to varying degrees of anthropogenic pressure, has been classified. The relative and absolute intensity ratios of the territory have been calculated. The natural land protection factor and the anthropogenic load factor have been determined. The administrative regions are ranked according to the intensity of the ecological state of the lands of the Baikal region.