Mapping Change Detection of LULC on the Cameroonian Shores of Lake Chad and its Hinterland through an Inter-Seasonal and Multisensor Approach

Gbetkom, Paul Gérard; Gadal, Sébastien; Aboudi, Ahmed El; Mfondoum, Alfred Homère Ngandam; Badamassi, Mamane Barkawi Mansour

doi:10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.381

Cited by 4 publications

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“…These images combine visible and infrared lights to differentiate between vegetation in red and water in blue/gray (figures 2 and 3). 50 52 H. Gao et al add to that list a unique geographical feature allowing the lake to split into the two smaller pools, which makes it more vulnerable to water loss. 53 These two distinctly different seasonal lake pools each witness their own accessibility issues, variability, and predictability.…”

Section: Lake Chad's Changing Hydrographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Chad Changing Hydrography, Violent Extremism, and Climate-Conflict Intersection

Griffin¹

2020

ExpwMCUP

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Africa's Lake Chad is the convergence point of a complex humanitarian disaster courtesy of violence, climate change, and remote, ungoverned areas. 1 As the hydrography of Lake Chad changes, decreasing in size by nearly 90 percent since the 1960s, the vanishing shoreline exposes new prospects for militarized actors to establish and retain control. 2 This study asserts that Lake Chad's changing hydrography has provided violent extremists with strategic opportunities to increase their foothold in the water-scarce Lake Chad Basin. Through an explanatory sequential mixed methods research design, this spatial analysis tests the relationship between conflict and environmental changes in the region. A linear regression model yields statistically significant quantitative evidence at a 95-percent significance level (α = 0.05) to support a strong and Captain Thomas E. Griffin is a civil affairs officer in the U.S. Army Reserve, serving as a company commander with the 403d Civil Affairs Battalion in Syracuse, NY. His military experience includes overseas deployments to Cameroon as a civil affairs team leader and to Afghanistan as an operations advisor to the Afghan National Army. In his civilian career, he manages enrollment and business analytics for the University of Vermont's Continuing and Distance Education department. He is currently a PhD candidate in educational policy and leadership studies at the University of Vermont. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Marine Corps University, the Department of the Navy, the U.S. Army, or the U.S. government. Expeditions with MCUP 2 positive correlation between armed conflict and time (from 2009 to 2019) in this area. The spatial results indicate that armed conflict has increased across this specific landscape, which has been physically altered over time due to several socioenvironmental factors. These results expose serious security implications related to climate change, water scarcity, and increasing conflict. This article concludes by calling for an improved security strategy that addresses the conflictclimate trap seen across the Lake Chad Basin.

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Section: Lake Chad's Changing Hydrographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake Chad Changing Hydrography, Violent Extremism, and Climate-Conflict Intersection

Griffin¹

2020

ExpwMCUP

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“…Studying soil and vegetation changes is crucial for understanding these processes’ dynamics and developing effective land management and conservation strategies. Reflectance from the soil and vegetation surface plays a significant role in monitoring environmental changes [ 1 ]. Vegetation stabilizes dry areas, reducing erosion effects and determining the intensity of desertification [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the accuracy of spectral indices obtained from Sentinel images using field research to estimate land degradation

Ebrahimi,

Zolfaghari,

Ghodsi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Wind erosion resulting from soil degradation is a significant problem in Iran’s Baluchistan region. This study evaluated the accuracy of remote sensing models in assessing degradation severity through field studies. Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imager’s (MSI) Level-1C satellite data was used to map Rutak’s degradation severity in Saravan. The relationship between surface albedo and spectral indices (NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI, BSI, TGSI) was assessed. Linear regression establishes correlations between the albedo and each index, producing a degradation severity map categorized into five classes based on albedo and spectral indices. Accuracy was tested with 100 ground control points and field observations. The Mann-Whitney U-Test compares remote sensing models with field data. Results showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between NDVI, SAVI, and MSAVI models with field data, while BSI and TGSI models exhibited significant differences (P ≤ 0.001). The best model, BSI-NDVI, achieves a regression coefficient of 0.86. This study demonstrates the advantage of remote sensing technology for mapping and monitoring degraded areas, providing valuable insights into land degradation assessment in Baluchistan. By accurately identifying severity levels, informed interventions can be implemented to mitigate wind erosion and combat soil degradation in the region.

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“…Indeed, remote sensing enables collecting and integrating data for a continuous and repeated observation of the phenomenon on large surfaces [22]. The reflectance of some objects such as soil and vegetation is a good indicator of changes in the environment [21] and can be used to calculate spectral indexes useful for the study of soil degradation. Previous models have been developed on the topic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Soil Degradation from the Cameroonians Shores of Lake Chad Combining Spectral Indexes and Statistics Analysis

Gadal

Gbetkom

Mfondoum³

2023

SN COMPUT. SCI.

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This article aims to propose a model on the soil degradation risk along the Cameroonian shores of Lake Chad based on the statistical analysis of spectral indexes of Sentinel 2A satellite images. A total of four vegetation indexes such as the Greenness Index and Disease water stress index and nine soil indexes such as moisture, brightness, or organic matter content are computed and combined to characterize vegetation cover and bare soil state, respectively. All these indexes are aggregated to produce one image (independent variable) and then regressed by individual indexes (dependent variable) to retrieve correlation and determination coefficients. Principal Component Analysis and factorial analysis are applied to all spectral indexes to summarize information, obtain factorial coordinates, and detect positive/negative correlation. The first factor contains soil information, whereas the second factor focuses on vegetation information. The final equation of the model is obtained by weighting each index with both its coefficient of determination and factorial coordinates. This result generated figures' cartography of five classes of soils potentially exposed to the risk of soil degradation. Five levels of exposition risk are obtained from the "Lower" level to the "Higher": the "Lower" and "Moderate to low" levels occupy, respectively, 25,214.35 hectares and 130,717.19 hectares; the "Moderate" level spreads 137,404.34 hectares; the "High to moderate" and "Higher" levels correspond, respectively, to 152,371.91 hectares and 29,175.73 hectares.

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Mapping Change Detection of LULC on the Cameroonian Shores of Lake Chad and its Hinterland through an Inter-Seasonal and Multisensor Approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Lake Chad Changing Hydrography, Violent Extremism, and Climate-Conflict Intersection

Lake Chad Changing Hydrography, Violent Extremism, and Climate-Conflict Intersection

Assessing the accuracy of spectral indices obtained from Sentinel images using field research to estimate land degradation

Characterization of Soil Degradation from the Cameroonians Shores of Lake Chad Combining Spectral Indexes and Statistics Analysis

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