Mapping global value of terrestrial ecosystem services by countries

Jiang, Hongqiang; Wu, Wenjun; Wang, Jinnan; Yang, Weishan; Gao, Yueming; Duan, Yang; Ma, Guanghui; Wu, Chunsheng; Shao, Jiacheng

doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101361

Cited by 57 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…At present, many studies have focused on the value of monitoring ecosystem services or natural capital globally, but it is difficult to compare the results of different studies. On the one hand, there is a lack of unified methods, while on the other hand, the statistical scope and indicators used by researchers are inconsistent [31]. The "equivalence factor per unit area" method used in this study is relatively simple and effective.…”

Section: Ldn and Esvmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Land Degradation Neutrality in Inner Mongolia Combined with Ecosystem Services

Yuan

Cheng

et al. 2022

Land

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Currently, the internationally recognized land degradation neutrality (LDN) effort is evaluated using three indicators: land use/cover, land productivity, and carbon stocks. However, these three indicators may not completely capture the factors influencing LDN, and some evaluation rules are not in line with the land restoration goals of China. Therefore, this study introduces the ecosystem service value (ESV) indicator, assesses the differences in connotation and evaluation methods between ESV and LDN, and puts forward an evaluation rule that integrates their advantages, so as to carry out an evaluation of LDN in Inner Mongolia. The conclusions are as follows: (a) The ESVs of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 were USD 287.49, 286.04, 285.72, 286.38, and 287.90 billion, respectively, which presents a slight trend of decrease and then increase over time. (b) The modified LDN evaluation rule mainly includes the following changes to the LUCC evaluation rule: (1) the original degradation of cropland to grassland is considered as restoration, (2) water bodies participate in the transformation evaluation between land use types, and (3) the evaluation of transformed secondary land use types is added. The evaluation of net primary productivity (NPP) and soil organic carbon (SOC) still follow the method formulated by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). (c) The proportion of degraded, stable, and restored land area within the LUCC were 11.31%, 77.34%, and 11.35%, respectively. The proportion of restored area is greater than the proportion of degraded land, which indicates that LDN has been achieved in Inner Mongolia according to the LUCC evaluation. The areas of degradation, stability, and restoration for NPP accounted for 0.10%, 40.52%, and 59.38% of the total area, respectively, with the restored area being much larger than the degraded area. The areas of SOC degradation, stability, and restoration accounted for 13.06%, 74.82%, and 12.11% of the total area, respectively, and the degraded area was slightly larger than the restored area. (d) The LDN evaluation results showed that the proportions of degraded, stable, and restored areas were 21.80%, 27.25%, and 50.96%, respectively. From these results, it is clear that Inner Mongolia has achieved the LDN target. Compared with the rules formulated by the UNCCD, for the LDN evaluation results implementing the modified rule, the proportion of degraded land increased by 2.44%, the proportion of stable land decreased by 1.52%, and the proportion of restored land decreased by 0.92%. In the future, Inner Mongolia should strengthen the implementation of a series of ecological restoration projects to obtain greater ecological benefits.

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Section: Ldn and Esvmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Land Degradation Neutrality in Inner Mongolia Combined with Ecosystem Services

Yuan

Cheng

et al. 2022

Land

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“…Natural ecosystems can provide supply, support, regulation, and cultural services to humans which are vital to human survival and development, and use capabilities of the ESs to reflect ecological security status (Pogue et al, 2020;Jiang et al, 2021;Sun et al, 2021). Human wellbeing is tied to the capacity of natural and altered ecosystems to produce a wide range of goods and services, which have always depended on the ability to respond to environmental change (Pecl et al, 2017).…”

Section: Beneficial To Human Wellbeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Ecological Security Patterns Based on Ecosystem Services Is a Significative Practice for Sustainable Development in Southwest China

Xiao

et al. 2022

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Southwest China, which is rich in biodiversity and a wide range of ecosystem services (ESs), is a strong support for local human wellbeing. This area is also one of the key components of the ecological security shelter (ESS) for national ecological security and biodiversity conservation. Due to the combination of man-made and natural factors, Southwest China has suffered serious ecological degradation that directly threatens ecological security which refers to the health status of ecosystems and ESs functions. Mapping ESs-based ecological security patterns (ESPs) is essential for designing conservation strategies that suitably combine regional environment conservation with sustainable utilization. We used the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Tool) model to identify ecological conservation priority areas which integrated ecological sensitivity (soil erosion sensitivity, rock desertification sensitivity, landslide sensitivity, debris flow sensitivity, and freezing-thawing erosion sensitivity), ecological risk (drought risk, natural disaster risk, and socio-economic risk), and ecological conservation importance (soil conservation, water conservation, and biodiversity conservation importance). In this research, we summarized a new designing framework of ESs-based ESPs. We divided the study area into two zones and four belts including: (A) the alpine steppe and wetland zone, (B) Hengduan Mountain zone, (C) northern shelter belt (Daba-Micang Mountain), (D) central shelter belt (Wumeng-Wuling Mountain), (E) southern shelter belt (southern border of China), and (F) southwestern shelter belt (eastern Himalayas Mountain). Identifying distributions of the ESs-based ESPs has practical significance to improve local human wellbeing and to maintain sustainable development of natural-social ecosystems in Southwest China. Furthermore, ESs-based ESPs are necessary for local administrations to create rationalizing plans on balancing conservation and utilization of natural resources, so that policy-makers can put into place targeted prevention and control measures to limit the development of excessive consumption of natural resources and ecological damages, which is worth promoting.

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“…China's economy has maintained a rapid growth rate over the past two decades (World Bank, 2020), yet the ensuing environmental problems are becoming one of the most serious threats to ecological sustainability and security (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2018; Feng et al, 2021). The balance between social and natural values plays an essential role in achieving sustainable development for every country (Polasky et al, 2019;Jiang et al, 2021). Economic development will inevitably cause changes in the internal structure of natural capital (Li et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal patterns of gross ecosystem product across China's cropland ecosystems over the past two decades

2022

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As the largest artificial ecosystem on Earth, croplands not only secure the basic living materials for people but also provide ecological service values for human society. For croplands, ecosystem services have proven to be of great value and are closely linked to human activities and climate change. However, spatiotemporal patterns of cropland ecosystem services and their drivers still need to be further assessed quantitatively. In this study, we provided a comprehensive evaluation of ecosystem services across China's cropland ecosystems over the past two decades using gross ecosystem product (GEP) as a single metric of the monetary evaluation of final ecosystem services. The values of material services, regulating services, and cultural services were calculated to summarize the GEP value of cropland ecosystems in China. Our results showed that the multiyear mean value of GEP was 4.35 × 107 million CNY. The value of regulating services reached 3.86 × 107 million CNY, followed by material services of 4.76 × 106 million CNY and cultural services of 1.16 × 105 million CNY. GEP value was different among provinces, leading to a heterogeneous spatial pattern associated with population and cultivated area. Moreover, we analyzed the trends in the GEP value at the provincial and national scales. The results showed that the GEP value of China's cropland ecosystems has increased over the period. The values of the material, regulating, and cultural services have increased at a rate of (0.35 ± 0.01) × 106 million CNY a−1, (1.12 ± 0.10) × 106 million CNY a−1, and (0.002 ± 0.0002) × 106 million CNY a−1, respectively (P < 0.05). The majority of provinces had an increasing trend in GEP, yet some developed provinces, e.g., Beijing and Shanghai, showed a decreasing trend. Furthermore, we evaluated the impacts of social-economic and natural factors on changes in GEP. We found that rising prices for agricultural products and services boosted an increase in GEP. Meanwhile, the spatiotemporal patterns of GEP were also associated with the adjustments of planting area in each province. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of assessing spatiotemporal patterns of cropland ecosystem services for decision-makers.

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Mapping global value of terrestrial ecosystem services by countries

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluation of Land Degradation Neutrality in Inner Mongolia Combined with Ecosystem Services

Evaluation of Land Degradation Neutrality in Inner Mongolia Combined with Ecosystem Services

Identifying Ecological Security Patterns Based on Ecosystem Services Is a Significative Practice for Sustainable Development in Southwest China

Spatiotemporal patterns of gross ecosystem product across China's cropland ecosystems over the past two decades

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