Mapping QTL, epistasis and genotype × environment interaction of antioxidant activity, chlorophyll content and head formation in domesticated lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Hayashi, Eiji; You, Youngsook; Lewis, Rosemary; Calderon, Mirna C.; Wan, Grace; Still, David W.

doi:10.1007/s00122-012-1803-0

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…It is plausible then that qLG4 ( Figure 12 ) may be linked (or is allelic) to the lg gene. The qLG4 locus detected in our study is different from QTLs for the total chlorophyll content that have previously been mapped to LGs 3, 7, and 9 (Damerum et al, 2015), or from those for chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content located on LGs 1, 2, and 8 (Hayashi et al, 2012). …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

2016

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Rapid development of plants is important for the production of ‘baby-leaf’ lettuce that is harvested when plants reach the four- to eight-leaf stage of growth. However, environmental factors, such as high or low temperature, or elevated concentrations of salt, inhibit lettuce growth. Therefore, non-destructive evaluations of plants can provide valuable information to breeders and growers. The objective of the present study was to test the feasibility of using non-destructive phenotyping with optical sensors for the evaluations of lettuce plants in early stages of development. We performed the series of experiments to determine if hyperspectral imaging and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can determine phenotypic changes manifested on lettuce plants subjected to the extreme temperature and salinity stress treatments. Our results indicate that top view optical sensors alone can accurately determine plant size to approximately 7 g fresh weight. Hyperspectral imaging analysis was able to detect changes in the total chlorophyll (RCC) and anthocyanin (RAC) content, while chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed photoinhibition and reduction of plant growth caused by the extreme growing temperatures (3 and 39°C) and salinity (100 mM NaCl). Though no significant correlation was found between Fv/Fm and decrease in plant growth due to stress when comparisons were made across multiple accessions, our results indicate that lettuce plants have a high adaptability to both low (3°C) and high (39°C) temperatures, with no permanent damage to photosynthetic apparatus and fast recovery of plants after moving them to the optimal (21°C) temperature. We have also detected a strong relationship between visual rating of the green- and red-leaf color intensity and RCC and RAC, respectively. Differences in RAC among accessions suggest that the selection for intense red color may be easier to perform at somewhat lower than the optimal temperature. This study serves as a proof of concept that optical sensors can be successfully used as tools for breeders when evaluating young lettuce plants. Moreover, we were able to identify the locus for light green leaf color (qLG4), and position this locus on the molecular linkage map of lettuce, which shows that these techniques have sufficient resolution to be used in a genetic context in lettuce.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

2016

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“…In contrary, accessions without any known pedigree relationship, such as “Dark Green Romaine” and “Green Forest,” or “La Brillante” and PI 358033‐COS, or “Little Lepricon” and PI 665200, were grouped closely together. This may be due to the fact that certain compounds, for example, anthocyanins (Gurdon et al, ; Zhang et al, ) or chlorophylls (Damerum et al, ; Hayashi et al, ; Simko et al, ), may be produced and reach similar levels in different genotypes through involvement of different genes (pathways).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and relationship among content of vitamins, pigments, and sugars in baby leaf lettuce

Šimko

2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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Baby leaf lettuce harvested approximately 30 days after planting is the primary component of spring mix salads, a popular type of packaged salads. Very little is known, however, about the content of vitamins, sugars, and pigments in young lettuce plants. Therefore, plants of 42 accessions harvested at baby leaf stage were analyzed for the contents of vitamin C, ß‐carotene, anthocyanins, chlorophylls, glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Significant differences among accessions were found for content of all seven compounds plus sucrose sweetness equivalency (SSE) and average vitamin load (AVLAC). “Floricos” was highest in all sugars, SSE and vitamin C; “Taiwan” was highest in ß‐carotene and AVLAC, and “Annapolis” and “Darkland” were highest for anthocyanins and chlorophyll contents, respectively. The lowest content of glucose and sucrose was found in iceberg “Salinas,” fructose in L. serriola accession UC96US23, vitamin C in PI 257288, and β‐carotene in “Solar.” The lowest relative sweetness (SSE) was calculated for UC96US23, followed by “Salinas,” while the lowest AVLAC was estimated for PI 257288. There were very strong, positive correlations among contents of the three sugars, and between β‐carotene and vitamin C, and β‐carotene and anthocyanins. Composition profiles of accessions presented in this study, together with identified associations between compounds, can be used by breeders, growers, and producers to select lettuces with desirable combinations of sugars, pigments, and vitamins. This information can help in development of new cultivars and breeding lines with desirable combination of traits, pleasing taste, and higher vitamin content.

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“…This is also one of the first assays, which studies the genetic base of ET methods measuring AA in any crop. Only three recent pieces of research in rice [28], raspberry [29] and in lettuce [30] studied QTLs for total water AA, total phenolic content, anthocyanin and carotenoid content. Knowledge derived from this study can be utilized in order to search for genes underlying these traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic basis of AA in Brassica crops. In other crops, only Jin et al [28] in rice, Dobson et al [29] in raspberry and Hayashi et al [30] in lettuce studied QTLs for total water soluble AA and total phenolic, anthocyanin and carotenoid contents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Antioxidant Capacity -Related QTLs in Brassica oleracea

et al. 2014

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Brassica vegetables possess high levels of antioxidant metabolites associated with beneficial health effects including vitamins, carotenoids, anthocyanins, soluble sugars and phenolics. Until now, no reports have been documented on the genetic basis of the antioxidant activity (AA) in Brassicas and the content of metabolites with AA like phenolics, anthocyanins and carotenoids. For this reason, this study aimed to: (1) study the relationship among different electron transfer (ET) methods for measuring AA, (2) study the relationship between these methods and phenolic, carotenoid and anthocyanin content, and (3) find QTLs of AA measured with ET assays and for phenolic, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents in leaves and flower buds in a DH population of B. oleracea as an early step in order to identify genes related to these traits. Low correlation coefficients among different methods for measuring AA suggest that it is necessary to employ more than one method at the same time. A total of 19 QTLs were detected for all traits. For AA methods, seven QTLs were found in leaves and six QTLs were found in flower buds. Meanwhile, for the content of metabolites with AA, two QTLs were found in leaves and four QTLs were found in flower buds. AA of the mapping population is related to phenolic compounds but also to carotenoid content. Three genomic regions determined variation for more than one ET method measuring AA. After the syntenic analysis with A. thaliana, several candidate genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are proposed for the QTLs found.

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Mapping QTL, epistasis and genotype × environment interaction of antioxidant activity, chlorophyll content and head formation in domesticated lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

Cited by 15 publications

References 93 publications

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

Genetic variation and relationship among content of vitamins, pigments, and sugars in baby leaf lettuce

Identification of Antioxidant Capacity -Related QTLs in Brassica oleracea

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