Mapping recent sea ice conditions in the Barents Sea using the proxy biomarker IP25: implications for palaeo sea ice reconstructions

Navarro-Rodríguez, Alba; Belt, Simon T.; Knies, Jochen; Brown, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.025

Cited by 55 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The higher MOC content in the MIZ and ice-covered region (Fig. 5) may be a result of a combination of higher production and the addition of ice algae and TOM and thus more efficient export [39,40,66]. These results confirm that the export ratio is higher (34 %) in the ArW region due to a shorter productive season than in the AW sector [46].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Middle to late Holocene paleoproductivity reconstructions for the western Barents Sea: a model-data comparison

Pathirana

Knies

Felix

et al. 2015

Arktos

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In this study we focus on late Holocene primary productivity (PP) variability in the western Barents Sea and its response to variable sea ice coverage by combining PP reconstructed from several sediment cores with regional PP trends simulated with a well-constrained organic facies model, OF-Mod 3D. We find that modern production rates reconstructed from buried marine organic matter (''bottomup'') resemble simulated export production at 50 m water depth inferred from numerical simulations of surface water PP in a 3D ocean model, SINMOD (''top-down''). Paleoproductivity rates in the northern Barents Sea are more variable and generally higher (30-150 gC m -2 year -1 ) than in the SW Barents Sea region (\75 gC m -2 year -1 ) throughout the last 6000 years BP. In the SW Barents Sea, PP rates and terrestrial organic matter (TOM) supply remain constantly low indicating present-day-like oceanographic conditions with only marginal influence of sea ice related processes during the last 6000 years BP. PP rates in the northern Barents Sea indicate a shift from stable modern-like conditions prior to 2800 BP to denser, more permanent sea ice coverage along the marginal ice zone (MIZ) between 2800 and 1000 years BP and low PP rates. PP rates increase around 1000 years BP indicating a northward shift of the MIZ and accelerated export towards the seabed. During the last 500 years a pronounced decline in PP rates towards the present day indicates reduced annual duration of the MIZ in the area due to global warming. Our results suggest that a combination of first-year ice and higher PP in a warming pan-Arctic may point to a potential Arctic carbon sink while sea ice is still present.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Middle to late Holocene paleoproductivity reconstructions for the western Barents Sea: a model-data comparison

Pathirana

Knies

Felix

et al. 2015

Arktos

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“…Monthly mean ice edge positions for the years 1750-2002 were compared and the maximum southernmost extent determined. The location of the maximum southernmost ice extent constructed in this way corresponds closely to the maximum sea ice extent in Navarro- Rodriguez et al (2013) based on NSID and Met Office Hadley Centre ice charts.…”

Section: Study Regionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Towards an improved organic carbon budget for the western Barents Sea shelf

et al. 2014

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Abstract. There is generally a lack of knowledge on how marine organic carbon accumulation is linked to vertical export and primary productivity patterns in the Arctic Ocean. Despite the fact that annual primary production in the Arctic has increased as a consequence of shrinking sea ice, its effect on flux, preservation, and accumulation of organic carbon is still not well understood. In this study, a multi-proxy geochemical and organic-sedimentological approach is coupled with organic facies modelling, focusing on regional calculations of carbon cycling and carbon burial on the western Barents Shelf between northern Scandinavia and Svalbard. OF-Mod 3-D, an organic facies modelling software tool, is used to reconstruct and quantify the marine and terrestrial organic carbon fractions and to make inferences about marine primary productivity changes across the marginal ice zone (MIZ). By calibrating the model against an extensive set of sediment surface samples, we improve the Holocene organic carbon budget for ice-free and seasonally ice-covered areas in the western Barents Sea. The results show that higher organic carbon accumulation rates in the MIZ are best explained by enhanced surface water productivity compared to ice-free regions, implying that shrinking sea ice may reveal a significant effect on the overall organic carbon storage capacity of the western Barents Sea shelf.

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“…Although beyond the scope of the current investigation, there remain other factors that still need addressing before the palaeoclimatic interpretations of IP 25 presence and abundance can be fully understood (Belt and Müller, 2013). Continuing the analytical theme, one such factor includes appropriate calibration of IP 25 concentrations with known sea ice conditions using the approaches of Müller et al (2011), Navarro-Rodriguez et al (2013 and Stoynova et al (2013). Of particular importance, in this respect, will be the establishment of threshold levels of sedimentary IP 25 , below which, sea ice reconstruction is considered unreliable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We believe that all of these demand serious attention, especially as sea ice reconstruction studies carried out thus far have depended critically, not only on the variable abundance of IP 25 (see Belt and Müller, 2013 for a review) but also on its presence/absence (e.g. Axford et al, 2011;Belt and Müller, 2013;Cabedo-Sanz et al, 2013;Méheust et al, 2013;Navarro-Rodriguez et al, 2013;Stoynova et al, 2013). As a further recommendation from this study, therefore, we propose that laboratories not only measure, but report, certain aspects pertaining to figures of merit for their analytical procedure, including assessments of precision (e.g.…”

Section: Key Outcomes and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP<sub>25</sub> in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We describe the results of an inter-laboratory investigation into the identification and quantification of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP 25 in marine sediments. Seven laboratories took part in the study, which consisted of the analysis of IP 25 in a series of sediment samples from different regions of the Arctic, sub-Arctic and Antarctic, additional sediment extracts and purified standards. The results obtained allowed 4 key outcomes to be determined. First, IP 25 was identified by all laboratories in sediments from the Canadian Arctic with inter-laboratory variation in IP 25 concentration being substantially larger than within individual laboratories. This greater variation between laboratories was attributed to the difficulty in accurately determining instrumental response factors for IP 25 , even though laboratories were supplied with appropriate standards. Second, the identification of IP 25 by 3 laboratories in sediment from SW Iceland that was believed to represent a blank, was interpreted as representing a better limit of detection or quantification for such laboratories, contamination or mis-identification. These alternatives could not be distinguished conclusively with the data available, although it is noted that the precision of these data was significantly poorer compared with the other IP 25 concentration measurements. Third, 3 laboratories reported the occurrence of IP 25 in a sediment sample from the Antarctic Peninsula even though this biomarker is believed to be absent from the Southern Ocean. This anomaly is attributed to a combined chromatographic and mass spectrometric interference that results from the presence of a di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) pseudo-homologue of IP 25 that occurs in Antarctic sediments. Finally, data are presented that suggest that extraction of IP 25 is consistent between Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and sonication methods and that IP 25 concentrations based on 7-hexylnonadecane as an internal standard are comparable using these methods. Recoveries of some more unsaturated HBIs and the internal standard 9-octylheptadecene, however, were lower with the ASE procedure, possibly due to partial degradation of these more reactive chemicals as a result of higher temperatures employed with this method. For future measurements, we recommend the use of reference sediment material with known concentration(s) of IP 25 for determining and routinely monitoring instrumental response factors. Given the significance placed on the presence (or otherwise) of IP 25 in marine sediments, some further recommendations pertaining to quality control are made that should also enable the two main anomalies identified here to be addressed.

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Mapping recent sea ice conditions in the Barents Sea using the proxy biomarker IP25: implications for palaeo sea ice reconstructions

Cited by 55 publications

References 53 publications

Middle to late Holocene paleoproductivity reconstructions for the western Barents Sea: a model-data comparison

Middle to late Holocene paleoproductivity reconstructions for the western Barents Sea: a model-data comparison

Towards an improved organic carbon budget for the western Barents Sea shelf

An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP<sub>25</sub> in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations

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Mapping recent sea ice conditions in the Barents Sea using the proxy biomarker IP25: implications for palaeo sea ice reconstructions

Cited by 55 publications

References 53 publications

Middle to late Holocene paleoproductivity reconstructions for the western Barents Sea: a model-data comparison

Middle to late Holocene paleoproductivity reconstructions for the western Barents Sea: a model-data comparison

Towards an improved organic carbon budget for the western Barents Sea shelf

An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP&lt;sub&gt;25&lt;/sub&gt; in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations

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An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP<sub>25</sub> in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations