“…Interested readers can refer to Batista et al (2023), Geissdoerfer et al (2017), Ghisellini et al (2016) and Lieder and Rashid (2016) for an in-depth description of the CE. Multiple aspects of the transition towards the CE have been investigated in the literature, including barriers (Galvão Araujo et al, 2022;Geissdoerfer et al, 2023;Kirchherr et al, 2018), drivers (Geissdoerfer et al, 2023;Gusmerotti et al, 2019) and success factors (Rocca et al, 2022); however, the risk factors linked to the CE transition process have not been systematically evaluated. Yang and Li (2010) first identified CE risks, highlighting organisational risks due to conflicts and lack of alignment between organisations leading to increased costs, as well as control system risks, which are linked to the complexity of controlling and monitoring complex and circular processes along reverse supply chains.…”