Mapping the Personality Psychopathology Five Domains OntoDSM–IVPersonality Disorders in Dutch Clinical and Forensic Samples: Implications forDSM–5

Abstract

The Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5) model represents 5 broadband dimensional personality domains that align with the originally proposed DSM-5 personality trait system, which was eventually placed in Section III for further study. The main objective of this study was to examine the associations between the PSY-5 model and personality disorder criteria. More specifically, we aimed to determine if the PSY-5 domain scales converged with the alternative DSM-5 Section III model for personality disorders, with a particular emphasis on the personality trait profiles proposed for each of the specific personality disorder types. Two samples from The Netherlands consisting of clinical patients from a personality disorder treatment program (n = 190) and forensic psychiatric hospital (n = 162) were used. All patients had been administered the MMPI-2 (from which MMPI-2-RF PSY-5 scales were scored) and structured clinical interviews to assess personality disorder criteria. Results based on Poisson or negative binomial regression models showed statistically significant and meaningful associations for the hypothesized PSY-5 domains for each of the 6 personality disorders, with a few minor exceptions that are discussed in detail. Implications for these findings are also discussed.

Examination of DSM-5 Section III avoidant personality disorder in a community sample

“…This finding indicates that this trait is possibly more peripheral to the AvPD construct and could perhaps explain the co‐morbidity with dependent PD. This finding is also consistent with prior research that has used alternative personality measures, such as the Personality Psychopathology Five, as AvPD was found to be negatively associated with aggressiveness—a construct that in part reflects interpersonal dominance/assertiveness . Aggressiveness was also associated with a lower effect size estimate relative to negative emotionality and introversion/low positive emotionality domains, which represent the core of the disorder …”

“…The current study focused on interpersonal unassertiveness, which has received some support in previous research (e.g. Anderson et al 19 and Sellbom et al 55 ; but see Hopwood et al 18 ), including using traits from the FFM. 23,26 Conceptually, inclusion of unassertiveness is defensible.…”

Development and Validation of Personality Disorder Spectra Scales for the MMPI–2–RF

“…Sellbom, Smid, De Saeger, Smit, and Kamphuis (2014) demonstrated that the MMPI-2-RF PSY-5 scales were significantly and meaningfully associated with PD criteria assessed through structured clinical interviews in Dutch clinical and forensic samples; many of these findings were replicated in Finn et al (2014). Similarly, added that the full set of MMPI-2-RF scales predicted DSM-5 Section II PD criteria for 7 of the 10 PDs (with sufficient variability) in those same samples.…”

A clinician's quick guide to evidence‐based approaches: Narcissistic personality disorder

“…Right prefrontal and bilateral medial prefrontal pathology may be linked to emotional regulation difficulties or cognitive deficits in attribution or coping while the anterior insular is linked to empathy. A recent systematic review showed a link between narcissism and aggression and violence in both nonclinical and clinical samples (Lambe, Hamilton‐Giachritsis, Garner, & Walker, ). Similarly, a meta‐analysis support the association of narcissism with aggression in response to provocation, especially in those with high entitlement or vulnerable narcissism features (Rasmussen, ). The negative interpersonal impact of NPD individuals on others has recently been supported by empirical studies (Day, Bourke, Townsend, & Grenyer, 2019) and led to a proliferation of self‐help books for those involved in romantic (Behary, ; Malkin, 2015; McBride, ) parent–child (Brown, ; McBride, ) and work relationships (DuBrin, ; Eddy & DiStefano, ; Malkin, ) with NPD individuals. Research on test profile configurations (e.g., MMPI‐2‐RF) can assist the self‐report assessment of NPD (e.g., Anderson et al, ; Sellbom, Smid, De Saeger, Smit, & Kamphuis, ; Sellbom & Smith, ).…”

“…• The negative interpersonal impact of NPD individuals on others has recently been supported by empirical studies (Day, Bourke, Townsend, & Grenyer, 2019) and led to a proliferation of self-help books for those involved in romantic (Behary, 2013;Malkin, 2015;McBride, 2015) parent-child (Brown, 2008;McBride, 2008) and work relationships (DuBrin, 2012;Eddy & DiStefano, 2015;Malkin, 2015) with NPD individuals. • Research on test profile configurations (e.g., MMPI-2-RF) can assist the self-report assessment of NPD (e.g., Anderson et al, 2015;Sellbom, Smid, De Saeger, Smit, & Kamphuis, 2014;Sellbom & Smith, 2017).…”