Marché du travail, régulation et croissance économique en Algérie

Abstract

Résumé :Entre 1990 et 1997, le taux du chômage en Algérie a doublé, touchant plus de 20% de la population active. Si depuis 2004 une baisse sensible a été enregistrée, elle semble surtout refléter l'extension du secteur informel, qui représente plus de 25% de l'emploi recensé. Cette exclusion du marché du travail affecte particulièrement la population jeune à la recherche du premier emploi. Au-delà des facteurs démographiques et institutionnels, ce serait le caractère capital intensive du régime de croissance qui aurait exacerbé les tensions sur l'emploi, ce qui met en en évidence une relation de causalité entre le régime d'accumulation et les performances du marché du travail. Il s'agit alors d'évaluer, sur la base d'une projection de l'économie algérienne, quel est l'effort de productivité et d'accumulation nécessaire à une réduction à moyen terme du chômage qui tienne compte de la 'qualité' de l'emploi créé.Classification JEL: 015-017-047-055Mots-clé : marché du travail ; institutions ; capital humain ; démographie ; politiques de l'emploi ; croissance endogène ; Algérie. Abstract:Between 1990 and 1997, the rate of unemployment in Algeria doubled, reacching more than 20 % of the working population. If since 2004 a sensitive decline was recorded, it mainly seems to reflect the extension of the informal sector, which represents more than 25 % of the counted employment. This exclusion from the labour market affects particularly the young population in search of a first job. Beyond demographic and institutional factors, it seems to be the capital extensive growth regime that have aggravated tensions on employment, revealing a causal relationship between the regime of accumulation and the labour market performances. The issue is, on the basis of a projection of the Algerian economy, to make an estimation of the effort of productivity and accumulation necessary for a medium-term reduction of unemployment which takes into account the 'quality' of the created jobs.

Unemployment among Young Graduates in Algeria: A Sociological Reading

“…One explanation for this phenomenon is that the skills developed through university education are of little relevance to the needs observed in corporations or public administrations. The educational system and universities are increasingly disconnected from the labor market, to the point that it is easier for the latter to integrate workers with little or no education (Bouklia-Hassane et Talahite, 2008) [10].…”

“…Moving from one odd job to the next, these young graduates often rationalize their precarious employment situation as figuring within the rite of passage into decent, qualified employment. This disconnect between the educational system and the working world has numerous consequences [10]  A waste of human resources, as a largely state-financed investment in human capital is not used in such a way as to contribute significantly to economic growth;  Unemployment among young graduates impacts individual behavior, as youth increasingly chose to forego education in order to improve their chances of finding formal or informal employment and developing meaningful professional experience;  Students increasingly prefer to prolong their studies in order to avoid entering the job market and confronting the difficulty of finding employment. Table 2.…”

“…Citizens and progressives prefer to voice these claims and do so ways that range from simple public demonstrations of objection to direct and violent confrontation with public authorities. 10 The collective frustration which is at the root of the wave of political "revolutions" in the Arab States as well as the subsequent political and social protest movements (demonstrations, sit-ins, strikes), cannot be analyzed and understood unless we are able to explore collective representations, including notably the way in which social justice and the role of the State as the guarantor of equal dignity and equal opportunity among citizens [20].…”

La rente et l'État rentier recouvrent-ils toute la réalité de l'Algérie d'aujourd'hui ?

“…3 L'informel dans l'économie, dont l'évaluation diffère selon la définition et la technique adoptée, atteindrait plus de 40% du PIB. Pour une estimation de la production non prise en compte par la comptabilité nationale à partir de la consommation d'électricité voir Bouklia-Hassane, Talahite (2008). Pour un point récent sur la question, voir Bellache (2010).…”

Impact of Foreign Labor on the Dynamics and Sustainability of Agricultural Production Units, Case of Ghardaia Region (Algeria Northern Sahara)

“…The Chinese labor is the most important part of legal immigration. There are also irregular migration (most sub-Saharan), which has slowed since the outbreak of conflict in the Sahel and border security in southern Algeria (Mali, Niger), east (Tunisia and Libya) and West (the Morocco) (Bouklia-Hassane and Talahite, 2008). Rural areas are today, namely the Saharan areas are at the heart of the concerns of governments seeking to respond to a growing social and economic necessity (Kanoun et al, 2008).…”