Marine macroalgae as foods for fishes: an evaluation of potential food quality

Montgomery, W. Linn; Gerking, Shelby D.

doi:10.1007/bf02391621

Cited by 206 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In adult S, viride, assimilation efficiency was highest for protein, intermediate for energy, and lowest for total AFDW. Similar results were obtained by Montgomery & Gerking (1980), Gerking (1984) and Anderson (1988), using either direct or indirect methods. In J U S. vjride, protein assimilation efficiency appeared to be lower than the assimilation efficiency of total AFDW.…”

Section: Feeding Rate and Diurnal Variation In Food Qualitysupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Determining the assimilation efficiency in juvenile Sparisoma vinde using the algal ash fraction as an indigestible marker (Montgomery & Gerking 1980, Horn & Neighbors 1984, Horn et al 1986) seems an attractive alternative to direct methods which require painstaking quantification of the food consumed. However, the ash-marker method has been criticized (Bjorndal 1985), as absorption of ash has been shown by Buddington (1980).…”

Section: Feeding Rate and Diurnal Variation In Food Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Foraging by the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride II. Intake and assimilation of food, protein and energy

Bruggemann¹,

Begeman²,

Bosma³

et al. 1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

101

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ABSTRACT. Daily food intake by the herbivorous parrotfish Sparisoma v~nde, as well as assimdation efficiencies of algal food, protein and energy, were quantified through a combination of laboratory feeding tnals and field observations. The intake of algal ash-free dry wt (AFDW) per bite increases hnearly with fish wet wt (FWW, g) and algal biomass (mg AFDW cm-2), and is further determined by the skeletal density of the limestone substrate. Low-density substrates yield higher amounts of AFDW per bite than do high-density substrates. The percentage of the total food intake that is derived from endolithic and crustose coralline algae increases with the size of the flsh, and can be 9 0 % depending on the biomass of epilithic algae. The daily pattern of foraging activity is positively correlated with diurnal changes in food quality, while seasonal daylength variations result in 13 % variation in total daily bites taken. Daily number of bites of S. viride in the field decreases wlth fish size, and is further dependent on life phase and foraging depth. In experiments, fish attained an assimilation efficiency of ca 20% from a natural diet of low algal biomass and high-density dead coral substrates that predominates in the shallow reef. Assimilation efficiency was ca 70 % from a diet of high algal biomass and lowdensity substrates that predominates on the deeper reef parts. In spite of lower daily foraging effort, territorial fish, living in deeper parts of the reef, ingest and assimilate higher amounts of AFDW, protein and energy per day than non-territorial fish foraging on the shallow reef. The difference is caused by increased availability of high-yield food and substrate types inside territories compared to the situation on the shallow reef. Daily assimilated energy (kJ d-') is 0.85 X FWW'.~'~ for fish foraging in the shallow reef zone, and 1.22 X FWW0854 for S. viride foraging inside territories on the deeper reef.

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Section: Feeding Rate and Diurnal Variation In Food Qualitysupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Feeding Rate and Diurnal Variation In Food Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging by the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride II. Intake and assimilation of food, protein and energy

Bruggemann¹,

Begeman²,

Bosma³

et al. 1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

101

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show abstract

“…On coral reefs, the lipid contents of Polysiphonia algae, detritus, and algal mats that consist mainly of filamentous rhodophytes are reported to be very low: 2.1-3.6% in dry weight for Polysiphonia (Montgomery and Gerking 1980), 0.8-1.0% for detritus (Wilson 2002, Crossman et al 2005, and 0.6-2.1% for algal mat (Montgomery and Gerking 1980, Wilson et al 2001, Crossman et al 2005. On the other hand, benthic animals such as copepods contain more lipids, i.e., 1.6-6.6% (Shansudin et al 1997) or 3.3-13.3% (Toledo et al 1999), which is 2-10 times as much as those in algal mats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food habits of the farmer damselfishStegastes nigricansinferred by stomach content, stable isotope, and fatty acid composition analyses

Hata

Umezawa

2011

Ecological Research

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This content has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere in any language, and all authors have contributed significantly, and are in agreement with the content of the manuscript. 2 AbstractThe territorial damselfish, Stegastes nigricans, maintains algal farms by excluding invading herbivores and weeding unpalatable algae from its territories. In Okinawa, Japan, S. nigricans farms are exclusively dominated by Polysiphonia sp., a highly digestible filamentous rhodophyte. This study was aimed at determining the diet of S.nigricans in Okinawa and its dependency on these almost-monoculture algal farms based on stomach contents and chemical analyses. Stomach content analyses revealed that all available food items in the algal farms (i.e., algae, benthic animal inhabitants, trapped detritus) were contained in fish stomachs, but amorphous organic matter accounted for 68% of the contents. Therefore, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and fatty acid (FA) compositions were analyzed to trace items actually assimilated in their bodies. Stable isotope analyses showed that benthic animals were an important food source even for this farmer fish. Two essential FAs (EFA), 20:4n6 and 20:5n3, which are produced only by rhodophytes among available food items, were rich in the muscle tissue of S. nigricans as well as in algal mats and detritus, suggesting that algal mats contribute EFAs to S. nigricans directly and indirectly through the food web. In conclusion, S. nigricans ingested algal mats, detritus and benthic animals maintained within its farm. Algae and detritus were original sources of EFAs, and benthic animals, which were much more abundant in the farms than in outside territories, provided a nitrogen-rich dietary source for the fish.

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“…Each container was then weighted in order to determine the quantity of dry material present, burned for six hours at 550 °C, and weighted to determine the ash remainder. Since it was impossible to measure the quantity of food consumed by the larvae, assimilation efficiency (AE), also called apparent digestibility (Sibly 1981), was determined through the following method (Montgomery & Gerking 1980):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilation efficiency in Bufo spinulosus tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae): effects of temperature, diet quality and geographic origin

Benavides

Veloso

Jiménez

et al. 2005

Rev. chil. hist. nat.

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Marine macroalgae as foods for fishes: an evaluation of potential food quality

Cited by 206 publications

References 29 publications

Foraging by the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride II. Intake and assimilation of food, protein and energy

Foraging by the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride II. Intake and assimilation of food, protein and energy

Food habits of the farmer damselfishStegastes nigricansinferred by stomach content, stable isotope, and fatty acid composition analyses

Assimilation efficiency in Bufo spinulosus tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae): effects of temperature, diet quality and geographic origin

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