Marine protected areas: Re-thinking their inception

Chuenpagdee, Ratana; Pascual-Fernández, José J.; Szelianszky, Emese; Alegret, Juan-Luis; Fraga, Julia; Jentoft, Svein

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2012.10.016

Cited by 165 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The conceptualization of inputs offered in this paper is a continuation of discussions about what is required to achieve successful outcomes from PAs and MPAs [101,102,159,[212][213][214][215][216][217]. This review suggests that the success of MPAs in achieving desired ecological and socio-economic outcomes locally is determined largely by managers' abilities to determine and provide the necessary governance, management, and local development inputs required by micro to macro level contextual factors (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

Bennett¹,

Dearden²

2018

Preprint

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to conserve marine resources as well as provide social and economic benefits to local communities. Yet the percentage of MPAs that might be considered “successful” or effective on ecological and/or socio-economic accounts is debatable. Measurement of biophysical and socio-economic outcome indicators has become de rigeur for examining MPA management effectiveness so that adaptive feedback loops can stimulate new management actions. Scholars and practitioners alike have suggested that more attention should be given to the inputs that are likely to lead to successful MPA outcomes. This paper briefly discusses the potential ecological and socio-economic outcomes of MPAs then reviews the literature on three categories of inputs – governance, management, and local development – that lead to effective MPAs. In conclusion, the paper presents a novel inputs framework that incorporates indicators for governance, management and development to be used in the design and analysis of MPAs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

Bennett¹,

Dearden²

2018

Preprint

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“…It is important to note that conservation agencies have conservation interests as their primary motive, and in most collaborative arrangements, they initiate and facilitate the process of involving local communities (Cundill et al 2013;Thondhlana et al 2015). This means that conservation agencies are likely to assume a stronger position than that of local communities and assert and protect their interests at all stages of negotiations for collaborative management of PAs which can result in conflicts (White et al 2009;Chuenpagdee et al 2013;Thondhlana et al 2016) -a scenario parallel to 'fortress' conservation approaches. It is therefore conceivable to suggest that local people's negative perceptions towards PA officials may be shaped by a historical legacy of exclusionary approaches to conservation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A conflict is herein defined as a disagreement and dispute over access to use, control and manage natural resources. Conservation conflicts emerge out of competition between two or more actors over some aspects of biodiversity management and when there are perceptions that some actors assert their interests over others' interests (White et al 2009;Chuenpagdee et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local people and conservation officials’ perceptions on relationships and conflicts in South African protected areas

Thondhlana

Cundill

2017

International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Servic

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Protected areas (PAs) are often conflict-ridden, but conflict resolution mechanisms are often constrained by little appreciation of the perceptions of the principal agents (PA managers and local communities) about such conflicts. Getting local people's support in PA management efforts is considered important for achieving conservation and livelihood goals. Using data from 13 nature reserves in South Africa, this study explores the perceptions of reserve managers and local communities about their relationships and the existence and underlying causes of conflicts. The findings showed sharp contrasts in perceptions between reserve managers and local communities. Reserve managers generally perceived that there were no conflicts with local communities and that their relationship with them was positive while local communities thought otherwise, claiming conflicts were centred around restricted access to PAs, lack of benefits from PAs and communication problems. These findings have profound implications for conservation, especially considering the importance of getting local people's support in PA management. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Aggregating pertinent knowledge on complex interrelated coastal and marine social-ecological systems is thus key for engaging with and developing appropriate ocean governance systems (Fanning et al, 2007;Glaser and Glaeser, 2014). Inclusive policies at multiple levels that account for grassroots actors and processes (Leach et al, 2012;Chuenpagdee et al, 2013;Future Earth, 2013;ICSF, 2016) and include culturally and economically diverse groups in multi-level knowledge-building efforts are needed to generate the appropriate knowledge base for ocean governance (Berkes, 2009). This knowledge base then needs to be mobilized and institutionalized at multiple scales to combat unsustainable practices, and to incentivise practices that yield sustainable coastal and ocean outcomes.…”

Section: Transdisciplinary Knowledge For Achieving Transformative Agencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Healing Brazil's Blue Amazon: The Role of Knowledge Networks in Nurturing Cross-Scale Transformations at the Frontlines of Ocean Sustainability

Gerhardinger

Gorris

Gonçalves³

et al. 2018

Front. Mar. Sci.

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HIGHLIGHTS• The Anthropocene compels unlocking of ocean-related network capabilities.• Orchestration of local, regional, and global knowledge networks can augment transformative capacity.• Transdisciplinary network diagnostics are promising social learning tools.• Strategic advice for transformational research in ocean territories are provided. This paper dedicates to understanding of what is needed to achieve the transformation of ocean governance. Based on the theory of transformative agency conceptualized in a multi-level governance context, we build on recent novel inter-and transdisciplinary research in Brazil to explore the opportunities for transformation in the dynamic, complex, and multi-level field of ocean governance. We focus this analysis on three transformation processes toward developing a socially and ecologically coherent marine protected area network as the core of a marine spatial planning process for enhanced ecosystem-based polycentric governance of the country's Exclusive Economic Zone. The findings illuminate leverage points for achieving (much needed) transformation in Brazilian ocean governance and potentially beyond. These include: connecting transformative actions into coherent narratives and testing strategic advice derived from theories of transformative agency to promote regime shifts in ocean governance systems; setting of more ambitious social mobilization targets; fostering orchestration of knowledge-networks considering multiple issues, territorial and institutional levels; implementing institutional learning experiments; supporting transformational trajectories toward co-evolutionary, polycentric, ecosystem-and area-based ocean governance systems; and pursuing gradual, incremental structural understanding of Gerhardinger et al. Healing the Blue Amazon with Knowledge-Action Networks a given knowledge network field as a major driver of catalyzing transformative change. Hereby, this article advances understanding of how to better navigate the transformation toward enhanced sustainability in an important part of the Atlantic and hence of our global ocean.

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Marine protected areas: Re-thinking their inception

Cited by 165 publications

References 28 publications

From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

From measuring outcomes to providing inputs: Governance, management, and local development for more effective marine protected areas

Local people and conservation officials’ perceptions on relationships and conflicts in South African protected areas

Healing Brazil's Blue Amazon: The Role of Knowledge Networks in Nurturing Cross-Scale Transformations at the Frontlines of Ocean Sustainability

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