Marine Shells from Tor Fawaz, Southern Jordan, and Their Implications for Behavioral Changes from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant

Kadowaki, Seiji; Kurozumi, Taiji; Henry, Donald O.

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8980-1_11

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Due to such constraints present also in the neighboring regions of Jordan (Wadi Al-Hasa, Jebel Qualkhah [4,7,59]) comparisons must be regarded as vague and preliminary, but still deserve attention as the only way to elucidate the role of the margins of the Early Ahmarian human habitat. A look to the regional neighborhood, east of Wadi Araba, shows that the archaeological observations made at Wadi Sabra do not feature as completely exceptional and isolated.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fundamentally reflecting local conditions, the MIS 3 sediment preservation in the Wadi Sabra and in Wadi Al-Hasa both allowed for almost the entire Upper Palaeolithic and Epipaleolithic sequence to be present. About 40 km to the south from Al-Ansab 1, an Early Ahmarian assemblage has been discovered at the Tor Fawaz site [59], in the Jebel Qualkha region. The mentioned Jordanian sites are, like Al-Ansab 1, examples of camp sites east of the Wadi Araba, at the easternmost margins of the Early Ahmarian range.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mentioned Jordanian sites are, like Al-Ansab 1, examples of camp sites east of the Wadi Araba, at the easternmost margins of the Early Ahmarian range. Seashells excavated at Al-Ansab 1 and Tor Fawaz [59] attest to coastal relations and to westwards (Mediterranean coast) or southwards (Red Sea coast) connections (cf. [59,61]) of the human occupants.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seashells excavated at Al-Ansab 1 and Tor Fawaz [59] attest to coastal relations and to westwards (Mediterranean coast) or southwards (Red Sea coast) connections (cf. [59,61]) of the human occupants. Compared to the few Jordanian occurrences mentioned, the Early Ahmarian settlements to the far West of the Rift Valley represent more frequent and intensive presence of humans: some of the Negev and Sinai Early Ahmarian sites [4,[62][63][64][65][66][67] advocate for repeated presence of humans throughout the year, with a wide spectrum of hunting prey attested such as ibex, gazelle, horse, deer and even rhino [64,Table 4.1;65].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Al-Ansab and the Dead Sea: Mid-MIS 3 archaeology and environment of the early Ahmarian population of the Levantine corridor

et al. 2020

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Our field data from the Upper Palaeolithic site of Al-Ansab 1 (Jordan) and from a pollen sequence in the Dead Sea elucidate the role that changing Steppe landscapes played in facilitating anatomically modern human populations to enter a major expansion and consolidation phase, known as the "Early Ahmarian", several millennia subsequent to their initial Marine Isotope Stage 4/3 migration from Africa, into the Middle East. The Early Ahmarian techno-cultural unit covers a time range between 45 ka-37 ka BP. With so far more than 50 sites found, the Early Ahmarian is the first fully Upper Palaeolithic techno-cultural unit exclusively and undisputedly related to anatomically modern human populations. In order to better understand the potentially attractive features of the Early Ahmarian environmental context that supported its persistence for over 8,000 years, we carried out a decennial research program in Jordan and in the Dead Sea. This included (1) a geoscientific and archaeological survey program in the Wadi Sabra (Jordan) with a particular focus on excavations at the Early Ahmarian site of Al-Ansab 1 alongside the detailed analysis of Quaternary sediments from the same area and (2) palaeobotanical research based on Quaternary lake deposits from the Dead Sea. Our pollen data from the Dead Sea indicate slow, low frequency vegetational variation with expanding Artemisia steppe, from 60 to 20 ka BP (MIS 3-2). Here, we see a reciprocal assimilation of southern and northern Levantine vegetation zones thereby enhancing a long-lasting south-to-north steppe corridor. The same integration process accelerated about 40 ka ago, when forested areas retreated in the Lebanese Mountains. The process then extended to encompass an area from Southern Lebanon to

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Al-Ansab and the Dead Sea: Mid-MIS 3 archaeology and environment of the early Ahmarian population of the Levantine corridor

et al. 2020

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“…To provide new data relevant to the above issues, this paper presents chronological and lithic technological features of the IUP occupation at Tor Fawaz, southern Jordan. The previous studies of the site showed unique characteristics of the Upper Paleolithic assemblages (Coinman & Henry, 1995;Kerry & Henry, 2003), and the renewed investigation made a preliminary study of lithic assemblage and reported marine shells with interim radiocarbon dates (Kadowaki & Henry, 2019;Kadowaki et al, 2019a). Here, we present more detailed descriptions of the lithic assemblages and present OSL and additional radiocarbon dates along with analyses of micromorphology, phytoliths, and dung spherulites to evaluate the formation and postdepositional processes through high-resolution micro-contextual studies.…”

Section: Initial Upper Paleolithic In the Levantmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lithic Technology and Chronology of Initial Upper Paleolithic Assemblages at Tor Fawaz, Southern Jordan

et al. 2021

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The Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) is a key chrono-cultural concept in our understanding of the cultural and population dynamics at the transition from the Middle Paleolithic to Upper Paleolithic period. This paper presents technological and chronological analyses of lithic assemblages from a rockshelter site at Tor Fawaz in the Jebel Qalkha area, southern Jordan, to provide accurate dating and detailed recognition of the IUP variability in the Levant. We present integrated micromorphological, phytolith, and dung spherulite analyses to evaluate formation and postdepositional processes of archaeological remains through high-resolution micro-contextual studies. As a result, the Tor Fawaz assemblages show general similarity to those of Boker Tachtit Level 4, Tor Sadaf A–B, and Wadi Aghar C–D1 that represent the late phase of the IUP in the southern Levant. Based on the detailed recognition of site-formation processes, we suggest ca. 45–36 ka as the age of IUP occupations at Tor Fawaz. More specifically, the IUP occupations at Tor Fawaz and Wadi Aghar, a nearby IUP site in the same area, may represent slightly different phases that show a lithic technological trend paralleling the IUP sequence at Tor Sadaf in southern Jordan, and possibly post-date Boker Tachtit Level 4. We also discuss the issue of partial chronological overlap between the late IUP and the Ahmarian and also argue for the geographically different trends in cultural changes from the late IUP to the Ahmarian.

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West Asia

Kadowaki,

Suzuki,

Nishiaki

2023

Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series

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Marine Shells from Tor Fawaz, Southern Jordan, and Their Implications for Behavioral Changes from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant

Cited by 12 publications

References 75 publications

Al-Ansab and the Dead Sea: Mid-MIS 3 archaeology and environment of the early Ahmarian population of the Levantine corridor

Al-Ansab and the Dead Sea: Mid-MIS 3 archaeology and environment of the early Ahmarian population of the Levantine corridor

Lithic Technology and Chronology of Initial Upper Paleolithic Assemblages at Tor Fawaz, Southern Jordan

West Asia

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