“…There are two main research areas concerning AIS data: analysis of ship trajectories based on spatiotemporal attributes and statistical analysis based on other attributes. Analysis of ship trajectories is used for diverse purposes such as mapping shipping density for maritime situational awareness (Wu et al, 2016; MMO, 2013; Shelmerdine, 2015; Vettor and Soares, 2015; Fiorini et al, 2016), characterising marine traffic patterns (De Souza et al, 2016; Tsou, 2010; Iperen, 2015; Aarsæther and Moan, 2009; Chen et al, 2015; Altan and Otay, 2017; Breithaupt et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2017), anomaly detection (Pallotta et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2016; Zhen et al, 2017; Ristic et al, 2008) and risk analysis (Zhou et al, 2013; Mou et al, 2010; Silveira et al, 2013; Mazaheri et al, 2015). An issue that these researchers have to deal with is cleaning raw AIS data, which is not easy, because of many erroneous AIS messages.…”