Markers Associated with COVID-19 Susceptibility, Resistance, and Severity

Fakhroo, Aisha; Thani, Asmaa A. Al; Yassine, Hadi M.

doi:10.3390/v13010045

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…A 2021 study assessed the neutralizing activity of serum samples from participants who received 2 doses of the HB02 vaccine against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. 23 Results of the study found similar or slightly higher neutralizing capacity of the HB02 vaccinee serum samples against the D614G and B.1.1.7 variants compared with wild-type pseudovirus, but the B.1.351 variant showed more resistance to the neutralization of vaccinee serum (by a factor of 2.5) than the wild-type virus. In the same study, another inactivated vaccine, the CoronaVac, was also tested, and similar results were found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults

Kaabi

Zhang²,

Xia

et al. 2021

JAMA

748

619

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IMPORTANCE Although effective vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed, additional vaccines are still needed.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of 2 inactivated COVID-19 vaccines.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prespecified interim analysis of an ongoing randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial in the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain among adults 18 years and older without known history of COVID-19. Study enrollment began on July 16, 2020. Data sets used for the interim analysis of efficacy and adverse events were locked on December 20, 2020, and December 31, 2020, respectively.INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive 1 of 2 inactivated vaccines developed from SARS-CoV-2 WIV04 (5 μg/dose; n = 13 459) and HB02 (4 μg/dose; n = 13 465) strains or an aluminum hydroxide (alum)-only control (n = 13 458); they received 2 intramuscular injections 21 days apart. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary outcome was efficacy against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 14 days following a second vaccine dose among participants who had no virologic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection at randomization. The secondary outcome was efficacy against severe COVID-19. Incidence of adverse events and reactions was collected among participants who received at least 1 dose. RESULTS Among 40 382 participants randomized to receive at least 1 dose of the 2 vaccines or alum-only control (mean age, 36.1 years; 32 261 [84.4%] men), 38 206 (94.6%) who received 2 doses, contributed at least 1 follow-up measure after day 14 following the second dose, and had negative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test results at enrollment were included in the primary efficacy analysis. During a median (range) follow-up duration of 77 (1-121) days, symptomatic COVID-19 was identified in 26 participants in the WIV04 group (12.1 [95% CI,] per 1000 person-years), 21 in the HB02 group (9.8 [95% CI, 6.4-15.0] per 1000 person-years), and 95 in the alum-only group (44.7 [95% CI,] per 1000 person-years), resulting in a vaccine efficacy, compared with alum-only, of 72.8% (95% CI, 58.1%-82.4%) for WIV04 and 78.1% (95% CI, 64.8%-86.3%) for HB02 (P < .001 for both). Two severe cases of COVID-19 occurred in the alum-only group and none occurred in the vaccine groups. Adverse reactions 7 days after each injection occurred in 41.7% to 46.5% of participants in the 3 groups; serious adverse events were rare and similar in the 3 groups (WIV04: 64 [0.5%]; HB02: 59 [0.4%]; alum-only: 78 [0.6%]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this prespecified interim analysis of a randomized clinical trial, treatment of adults with either of 2 inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines significantly reduced the risk of symptomatic COVID-19, and serious adverse events were rare. Data collection for final analysis is pending.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults

Kaabi

Zhang²,

Xia

et al. 2021

JAMA

748

619

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Analogously, obesity and chronic diseases were not predictors of positivity to SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, many investigations have demonstrated that these conditions are associated with a high risk of severe complications and death from COVID-19 [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] and of symptomatic COVID-19, although the association to a higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV2 is still controversial [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ]. Further studies on the role of these conditions on the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic subjects are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Adults and Healthcare Workers in Southern Italy

Napolitano

Giuseppe

Montemurro

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: This study was carried out to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a Southern Italian population. Methods: The study was performed among students and workers of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” and the relative Teaching Hospital. Participants were invited to undergo a blood sampling, an interview or to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 140 participants (5.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Positive SARS-CoV-2 test results increased significantly during the months of testing, and those who had had at least one symptom among fever, cough, dyspnea, loss of taste or smell and who had had contact with a family member/cohabitant with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to test positive. Faculty members were less likely to have a positive test result compared to the healthcare workers (HCWs). Among HCWs, physicians showed the lowest rate of seroconversion (5.2%) compared to nurses (8.9%) and other categories (10%). Nurses and other HCWs compared to the physicians, those who had had at least one symptom among fever, cough, dyspnea, loss of taste or smell, and who had had contact with a family member/cohabitant with confirmed COVID-19 were more likely to test positive. Conclusions: The results have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly spreading even in Southern Italy and confirm the substantial role of seroprevalence studies for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection circulation and potential for further spreading.

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“…[22] At present, there is not clear evidence about possible clinical predisposing and protecting factors front SARS-COV-2 infection, and uncertainty surrounds this issue. [23]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Susceptibility and risk of suffering SARS-COV-2 infection by demographic characteristics and pre-existing medical conditions among middle-aged and older adults in Tarragona, Spain: results from the COVID19 TARRACO Cohort Study, March-June 2020”

Vila-Córcoles

Diego-Cabanes³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: To analyse susceptibility/risk of suffering COVID19 among adults with distinct underlying medical conditions. Methods: Cohort study (population-based) including 79,083 people >=50 years-old in Tarragona (Southern Catalonia, Spain). At study start (01/03/2020) baseline cohort characteristics (demographic, previous comorbidities, chronic medications and vaccinations history) were recorded. Primary outcome was laboratory-confirmed COVID19 incurred in cohort members throughout 01/03/2020-30/06/2020. Risk of suffering COVID19 was evaluated by Cox regression, estimating multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age/sex and previous comorbidities. Results: Across study period, 536 laboratory-confirmed COVID19 cases were observed (mean incidence: 39.5 cases per 100,000 persons-week). In multivariable-analysis, age/years (HR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; p=0.050), nursing-home (HR: 20.19; 95% CI: 15.98-25.51; p<0.001), neurological disease (HR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.03-1.77; p=0.029), taking diuretics (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.10-1.75; p=0.006), antiplatelet (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.05-1.76; p=0.021) and benzodiazepines (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.00-1.53; p=0.047) significantly increased risk; while smoking (HR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.41-0.80; p=0.001), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61-1.00; p=0.048), angiotensin II receptor blockers (HR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.51-0.96; p=0.027) and statins (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.96; p=0.025) were associated with reduced risk. Among non-institutionalised persons, cancer, renal and cardiac disease appeared also related to increased risk, whereas influenza vaccination was associated with reduced risk. Conclusion: In a setting with relatively low incidence of COVID19 across the first wave of pandemic period, age, nursing-home residence and multiple comorbidities appear predisposing for COVID19 among middle-aged/older adults. Conversely, statins, angiotensin-receptor blockers/inhibitors and influenza vaccination were related with decreased risk. KEYWORDS: Coronavirus; SARS-COV-2; COVID19; Incidence; Risk.

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Markers Associated with COVID-19 Susceptibility, Resistance, and Severity

Cited by 38 publications

References 93 publications

Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults

Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Adults and Healthcare Workers in Southern Italy

“Susceptibility and risk of suffering SARS-COV-2 infection by demographic characteristics and pre-existing medical conditions among middle-aged and older adults in Tarragona, Spain: results from the COVID19 TARRACO Cohort Study, March-June 2020”

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