Market-Based Instruments for Managing Hazardous Chemicals: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Agenda

Slunge, Daniel; Alpízar, Francisco

doi:10.3390/su11164344

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…122,123 Potential ways forward include (a) increasing the number of substances under regulatory scrutiny to cover all substances of potential concern; 124 (b) focusing on group-or class-based regulatory approaches to avoid substituting one hazardous substance with another hazardous one in the same group or class; 125,126 (c) fostering cooperation among regulators from different fields 96,127 and regions 128,129 114 Examples of market-based policy instruments include tradable use permits or a Pigouvian tax, where the raised governmental revenue is used to finance cleanup or chemical-related public health costs and helps to create financial incentives for avoiding the use of hazardous or unnecessary chemicals. 122,123 Overall, concerted efforts from industry, civil society organizations, the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and other policymakers are urgently needed to ensure sustainable chemicals management in the future.…”

Section: Possible Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current chemical regulation does not ensure global sustainable management of chemicals for several reasons: (a) not all substances of potential concern are listed under relevant international or regional regulations (Section ); (b) substance-by-substance regulations may not protect against regrettable substitutions; , (c) regional regulations might lead to shifting chemical pollution elsewhere; and (d) negative externalities (e.g., monitoring costs, potential cleanup costs, public health damages, and impaired ecosystem services) of chemicals throughout their life cyles are not fully addressed by current regulations. , Potential ways forward include (a) increasing the number of substances under regulatory scrutiny to cover all substances of potential concern; (b) focusing on group- or class-based regulatory approaches to avoid substituting one hazardous substance with another hazardous one in the same group or class; , (c) fostering cooperation among regulators from different fields , and regions , to ensure consistent measures and avoid shifting pollution to countries with less stringent regulations; and (d) complementing current regulation with market-based policy instruments to internalize externalities and incentivize true innovation and pioneers . Examples of market-based policy instruments include tradable use permits or a Pigouvian tax, where the raised governmental revenue is used to finance cleanup or chemical-related public health costs and helps to create financial incentives for avoiding the use of hazardous or unnecessary chemicals. , Overall, concerted efforts from industry, civil society organizations, the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and other policymakers are urgently needed to ensure sustainable chemicals management in the future.…”

Section: Possible Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to ensure consistent measures and avoid shifting pollution to countries less stringent regulations; and (d) complementing current regulation with market-based policy instruments to internalize externalities and incentivize true innovation and pioneers 114. Examples of market-based policy instruments include tradable use permits or a Pigouvian tax, where the raised governmental revenue is used to finance cleanup or chemical-related public health costs and helps to create financial incentives for avoiding the use of hazardous or unnecessary chemicals 122,123. Overall, concerted efforts from industry, civil society organizations, the scientific community, regulatory agencies, and other policymakers are urgently needed to ensure sustainable chemicals management in the future.sı Supporting Information The Supporting Information is available free of charge at https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c00976.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids

Wiesinger

Wang

Hellweg

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

353

229

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A variety of chemical substances used in plastic production may be released throughout the entire life cycle of the plastic, posing risks to human health, the environment, and recycling systems. Only a limited number of these substances have been widely studied. We systematically investigate plastic monomers, additives, and processing aids on the global market based on a review of 63 industrial, scientific, and regulatory data sources. In total, we identify more than 10'000 relevant substances and categorize them based on substance types, use patterns, and hazard classifications wherever possible. Over 2'400 substances are identified as substances of potential concern as they meet one or more of the persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity criteria in the European Union. Many of these substances are hardly studied according to SciFinder (266 substances), are not adequately regulated in many parts of the world (1'327 substances), or are even approved for use in food-contact plastics in some jurisdictions (901 substances). Substantial information gaps exist in the public domain, particularly on substance properties and use patterns. To transition to a sustainable circular plastic economy that avoids the use of hazardous chemicals, concerted efforts by all stakeholders are needed, starting by increasing information accessibility.

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Section: Possible Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Ways Forwardmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids

Wiesinger

Wang

Hellweg

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

353

229

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“…Several studies (Böcker and Finger, 2016;IFOAM EU, 2018;Slunge and Alpizar, 2019) highlight the effectiveness of taxes on pesticides, if coupled with an additional set of supporting measures that can be included in National Action Plans for an agroecological transition. These should be implemented as highly differentiated tax schemes, which are calculated based on the damage caused by a certain input on the environment.…”

Section: Disincentives Through Taxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

True Cost Accounting for Food

Baker¹,

Daniels²,

Gemmill-Herren³

2021

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This book explains how True Cost Accounting is an effective tool that we can use to address the pervasive imbalance in our food system.Calls are coming from all quarters that the food system is broken and needs a radical transformation. A system that feeds many yet continues to create both extreme hunger and diet-related diseases, and one that has significant environmental impacts, is not serving the world adequately. This volume argues that True Cost Accounting in our food system can create a framework for a systemic shift. What sounds on the surface like a practice relegated to accountants is ultimately a call for a new lens on the valuation of food and a new relationship with the food that we eat, starting with the reform of a system out of balance. From the true cost of corn, and water, to incentives for soil health, the chapters economically compare conventional and regenerative, more equitable farming practices in food system structures, including taking an unflinching look at the true cost of cheap labour. Overall, this volume points towards the potential for our food system to be more human-centred than profit-centered and one that has a more respectful relationship to the planet. It sets forth a path forward based on True Cost Accounting for food. This path seeks to fix our current food metrics, in policy and in practice, by applying a holistic lens that evaluates the actual costs and benefits of different food systems, and the impacts and dependencies between natural systems, human systems, and agriculture and food systems.This volume is essential reading for professionals and policymakers involved in developing and reforming the food system, as well as students and scholars working on food policy, food systems, and sustainability.

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Towards true prices in food retailing: the value added tax as an instrument transforming agri-food systems

Oebel,

Stein,

Michalke

et al. 2024

Sustain Sci

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Current crises (i.e., climate crisis, COVID-19 pandemic, Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the resulting energy and food shortages) indicate the need for robust, and sustainable supply chains with regional food production and farmland to secure food supply in the European Union (EU). Recent research shows that organic food is more resilient to supply chain disruptions and price fluctuations. In this context, we examine an approach for the sustainable and resilient transformation of agri-food networks: can an adaptation of value added tax (VAT) levels work as a financial incentive to amplify resilient agricultural practices and sustainable dietary patterns? Within the setting of the amendment of the European framework directive on the use of VAT in 2022, we model the effects of adapting the current German VAT system by (1) reducing VAT on organic vegetarian food to 0% and (2) raising VAT on conventional meat and fish to 19%. Based on historical data on organic sales shares and price elasticities, we project sales shares differentiated by product group for each scenario. Then, we calculate expected tax revenues, changes in consumption patterns, and arising total external climate costs in Germany for both scenarios. Our results show that the overall consumption share of organic food would increase by 21.83% due to the modeled VAT reform compared to the status quo. Despite the VAT reduction to 0% on organic vegetarian products, the measure would yield €2.04 billion in extra tax revenues in Germany per year due to the increased taxation on conventional meat products. We find that annual environmental costs of €5.31 billion can be avoided as a result of lower external climate costs of organic and vegetarian food. Therefore, adjusting VAT rates in the food market can be a political instrument to drive organic food consumption and reduce animal livestock. This supports re-territorialization of agriculture and a more sustainable and resilient European food supply.

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Market-Based Instruments for Managing Hazardous Chemicals: A Review of the Literature and Future Research Agenda

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids

Deep Dive into Plastic Monomers, Additives, and Processing Aids

True Cost Accounting for Food

Towards true prices in food retailing: the value added tax as an instrument transforming agri-food systems

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