Marring Leishmaniasis: The Stigmatization and the Impact of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakistan and Afghanistan

Kassi, Masoom; Kassi, Mahwash; Afghan, Abaseen Khan; Rehman, Rabeea; Kasi, Pashtoon Murtaza

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000259

Cited by 141 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In fact other conditions to consider in the differential diagnosis of leishmaniasis include fungal (chromoblastomycosis), bacterial skin infections (rhinoscleroma), viral (Orf), inflammatory diseases (psoriasis), malignant neoplasms (metastases), and ulcers (traumatic ulcers). Early diagnosis as well as treatment play an important role in the healing process to avoid disfiguring lesions and ugly scars resulting in a disturbance of psychological functioning and a decrease in the quality of life of the affected individuals [7][8][9] . Pentavalent antimonials, including N-methylglucamine antimoniate (Glucantime ® ) and sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam ® ), remain the first line of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lesion becomes ulcerated in 2 weeks to 6 months, after which the lesions heal spontaneously. Although CL is mild and not life threatening, its disfiguring lesions and scars can severely affect the social and psychological functioning of the affected individuals, causing anxiety, depression, decrease in body satisfaction, and low quality of life [7][8][9] .…”

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused By Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major

Remadi

Haouas²,

Chaara³

et al. 2016

Dermatology

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Background/Aims: The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is based on the microscopic detection of amastigote, isolation of the parasite, or the detection of Leishmania DNA. Nevertheless, since these techniques are time consuming and not usually available in many endemic countries, the diagnosis remains clinical. Consequently, such disease may be overlooked because of its similarity to other skin diseases. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical polymorphism of CL caused by Leishmaniamajor.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out on 166 patients. Diagnoses were made by both microscopic examination of stained tissue-scraping smears and PCR. The Leishmania species was identified by restriction enzyme analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 region. The clinical polymorphism was analyzed only for patients with a positive diagnosis for CL and L. major as the identified species. Results and Conclusion: Of the 166 patients, 75 patients fit the inclusion criteria. Twelve different types of CL caused by L. major were defined. The most common type was the ulcero-crusted form followed by the papulonodular form and the impetigenous form. The ulcerated, mucocutaneous, lupoid, and sporotricoid forms were less common. The eczematiform, erysipeloid, verrucous, psoriasiform, and pseudotumoral types were represented by a single case. Zoonotic CL caused by L. major can simulate many other skin diseases, which may lead to a significant spread of this disease and increases in morbidity and drug resistance. This large polymorphism may be the result of a complex association between the genetics of the parasite and the immune response of the host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Presentation Of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused By Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major

Remadi

Haouas²,

Chaara³

et al. 2016

Dermatology

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show abstract

“…Evidence showed that patients with active lesions or healed scars showed increased rates of body satisfaction impairment [13,14].…”

Section: Aesthetic Stigma (Clas)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…People with CL have been victimized as individuals and even in groups, for example, refugees from Afghanistan are identified by their "trademark" scars left behind by CL disease [14].…”

Section: Population Mobilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigmata in cutaneous leishmaniasis: Historical and new evidence-based concepts

Al-Kamel¹

2017

Our Dermatol Online

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“…O custo social do impacto dessas deformidades é muito alto, pois o estigma pode levar ao isolamento social, desemprego, alcoolismo, doenças mentais e até ao suicídio. 7,8 As categorias disponíveis no Sinan não permitem avaliar a superdosagem.…”

Section: Considerações Finaisunclassified

Tratamento da Leishmaniose Visceral e Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no Brasil

Pelissari

Cechinel

Sousa-Gomes

et al. 2011

Epidemiol. Serv. Saúde

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Marring Leishmaniasis: The Stigmatization and the Impact of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Pakistan and Afghanistan

Cited by 141 publications

References 25 publications

Clinical Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by <b><i>Leishmania major</i></b>

Clinical Presentation of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by <b><i>Leishmania major</i></b>

Stigmata in cutaneous leishmaniasis: Historical and new evidence-based concepts

Tratamento da Leishmaniose Visceral e Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no Brasil

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